caa a22 4500 445877588 CHVBK 20180317145532.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6 Relationship between individualist-collectivist culture and entrepreneurial activity: evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data [Elektronische Daten] [María-José Pinillos, Luisa Reyes] This paper examines how one dimension of national culture (an individualist-collectivist orientation) is related to Total Entrepreneurial Activity, depending on the level of economic development, measured by GDP per capita. Researchers have traditionally associated individualism with high rates of firm creation, arguing that an orientation towards achievement and the pursuit of personal objectives (dominant aspects in individualist cultures) are determinants of entrepreneurial activity. The current analysis shows that a country's culture correlates to entrepreneurship, but cannot uphold the idea that higher levels of individualism mean higher rates of entrepreneurship. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on 52 countries, the results show that a country's entrepreneurship rate is negatively related to individualism when development is medium or low, and positively related to individualism when the level of development is high. Thus, individualism is not related to entrepreneurship in the same way in countries with differing levels of development. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2009 Culture nationallicence Individualism-collectivism nationallicence Entrepreneurship nationallicence Global Entrepreneurship Monitor nationallicence Pinillos María-José Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain aut Reyes Luisa Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain aut Small Business Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 37/1(2011-07-01), 23-37 0921-898X 37:1<23 2011 37 11187 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pinillos María-José Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reyes Luisa Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Small Business Economics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 37/1(2011-07-01), 23-37 0921-898X 37:1<23 2011 37 11187 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer