caa a22 4500 445885327 CHVBK 20180317145557.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00011-011-0375-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00011-011-0375-9 Anti-arthritic effect of GN1, a novel synthetic analog of glucosamine, in the collagen-induced arthritis model in rats [Elektronische Daten] [Huma Jawed, Shazia Anjum, Shahid Awan, Shabana Simjee] Objective: Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide that maintains the elasticity and strength of the cartilage tissues. It has been used to treat osteoarthritis in humans; however, in severe conditions of inflammation and pain, glucosamine alone is not enough, and it is important to improve its biological activity. Our research group has recently taken an interest in the synthetic manipulation of amino sugars to develop some efficient pharmacophores, e.g., β-d-glucosamine, to combat rheumatoid arthritis, and tested its anti-arthritic effects in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by multiple intradermal injections of bovine type II collagen and challenged again with the same antigen preparation 7days later. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritic score, body weight loss, paw volume measurement, and histological changes. Results: The animals in the arthritic control group showed a gradual decrease in their body weight and concurrent increase in the paw volumes compared to the normal control group. In contrast, increased hind paw swelling was significantly suppressed with no further noticeable reduction in body weight in the glucosamine (p<0.05) and GN1-treated (p<0.02) arthritic animals. Histopathological evaluation of isolated knee joints by grading system and classification of the stages in arthritic lesion development revealed suppression of the inflammatory changes in the GN1-treated animals. Moreover, both the pro-inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were found to be significantly decreased in animals treated with GN1 (p<0.03 for CRP and p<0.05 for LDL) compared to the arthritic control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that GN1 has both anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties. Its effects in the CIA model suggest that it could be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Springer Basel AG, 2011 Glucosamine nationallicence Collagen-induced arthritis nationallicence C-reactive protein nationallicence Lipoprotein nationallicence CIA : Collagen-induced arthritis nationallicence CRP : C-reactive protein nationallicence LDL and HDL : Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein nationallicence TNF-α : Tumor necrosis factor-α nationallicence NSAID : Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug nationallicence CII : Bovine type II collagen nationallicence IFA : Incomplete Freund's adjuvant nationallicence Jawed Huma Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut Anjum Shazia Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut Awan Shahid Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut Simjee Shabana Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut Inflammation Research SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel 60/12(2011-12-01), 1113-1120 1023-3830 60:12<1113 2011 60 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0375-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0375-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jawed Huma Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Anjum Shazia Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Awan Shahid Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Simjee Shabana Pharmacology Unit, Lab. # 314, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Inflammation Research SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel 60/12(2011-12-01), 1113-1120 1023-3830 60:12<1113 2011 60 11 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer