caa a22 4500 445887931 CHVBK 20180317145605.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00535-011-0376-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00535-011-0376-z Impact of cigarette smoking on onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease over a 10-year period [Elektronische Daten] [Ayaka Hamabe, Hirofumi Uto, Yasushi Imamura, Ken Kusano, Seiichi Mawatari, Kotaro Kumagai, Takeshi Kure, Tsutomu Tamai, Akihiro Moriuchi, Toshio Sakiyama, Makoto Oketani, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi] Background: Metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is a major risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for metabolic syndrome, but the epidemiological impact of cigarette smoking on development of NAFLD is unclear. Methods: In this retrospective study, 2,029 subjects underwent a complete medical health checkup in 1998 and again in 2008. Those who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C virus antibody, or had an alcohol intake of >20g/day as assessed by questionnaire, were excluded. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Independent risk factors associated with the development of NAFLD were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Smoking status was expressed using the Brinkman index (BI), which was calculated as the number of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking. Results: Of 1,560 subjects without NAFLD in 1998, 266 (17.1%) were newly diagnosed with NAFLD in 2008. Multiple logistic analysis identified age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.94-0.97], male sex (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01-2.10), body mass index ≥25 (AOR 3.08, 95% CI 2.20-4.32), dyslipidemia (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.25-2.58) and cigarette smoking (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.34-2.72) as risk factors associated with the development of NAFLD. Smoking status at baseline was also associated with the development of NAFLD (BI 1-399: AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.02-3.07, BI ≥400: AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.37-3.03). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for onset of NAFLD. Springer, 2011 NAFLD nationallicence Risk factor nationallicence Brinkman index nationallicence Body mass index nationallicence Metabolic syndrome nationallicence Hamabe Ayaka Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Uto Hirofumi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Imamura Yasushi Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan aut Kusano Ken Kagoshima Kouseiren Medical Health Care Center, Kagoshima, Japan aut Mawatari Seiichi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Kumagai Kotaro Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Kure Takeshi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Tamai Tsutomu Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Moriuchi Akihiro Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Sakiyama Toshio Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Oketani Makoto Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Ido Akio Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Tsubouchi Hirohito Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut Journal of Gastroenterology Springer Japan 46/6(2011-06-01), 769-778 0944-1174 46:6<769 2011 46 535 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-011-0376-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-011-0376-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hamabe Ayaka Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Uto Hirofumi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Imamura Yasushi Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kusano Ken Kagoshima Kouseiren Medical Health Care Center, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mawatari Seiichi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kumagai Kotaro Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kure Takeshi Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tamai Tsutomu Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moriuchi Akihiro Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sakiyama Toshio Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oketani Makoto Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ido Akio Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tsubouchi Hirohito Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Diseases, Health Research Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, 890-8520, Kagoshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Gastroenterology Springer Japan 46/6(2011-06-01), 769-778 0944-1174 46:6<769 2011 46 535 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer