caa a22 4500 445889578 CHVBK 20180317145611.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6 Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change [Elektronische Daten] [John Raven, Mario Giordano, John Beardall, Stephen Maberly] Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (also known as inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms; both abbreviated as CCMs) presumably evolved under conditions of low CO2 availability. However, the timing of their origin is unclear since there are no sound estimates from molecular clocks, and even if there were, there are no proxies for the functioning of CCMs. Accordingly, we cannot use previous episodes of high CO2 (e.g. the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) to indicate how organisms with CCMs responded. Present and predicted environmental change in terms of increased CO2 and temperature are leading to increased CO2 and HCO3 − and decreased CO3 2− and pH in surface seawater, as well as decreasing the depth of the upper mixed layer and increasing the degree of isolation of this layer with respect to nutrient flux from deeper waters. The outcome of these forcing factors is to increase the availability of inorganic carbon, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) to aquatic photolithotrophs and to decrease the supply of the nutrients (combined) nitrogen and phosphorus and of any non-aeolian iron. The influence of these variations on CCM expression has been examined to varying degrees as acclimation by extant organisms. Increased PAR increases CCM expression in terms of CO2 affinity, whilst increased UVB has a range of effects in the organisms examined; little relevant information is available on increased temperature. Decreased combined nitrogen supply generally increases CO2 affinity, decreased iron availability increases CO2 affinity, and decreased phosphorus supply has varying effects on the organisms examined. There are few data sets showing interactions amongst the observed changes, and even less information on genetic (adaptation) changes in response to the forcing factors. In freshwaters, changes in phytoplankton species composition may alter with environmental change with consequences for frequency of species with or without CCMs. The information available permits less predictive power as to the effect of the forcing factors on CCM expression than for their overall effects on growth. CCMs are currently not part of models as to how global environmental change has altered, and is likely to further alter, algal and aquatic plant primary productivity. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 CO2 concentrating mechanism nationallicence Combined nitrogen nationallicence Inorganic carbon nationallicence Iron nationallicence Mixing depth nationallicence Photosynthetically active radiation nationallicence Phosphorus nationallicence Temperature nationallicence UVA-UVB nationallicence CCM CO2 : Concentrating mechanism nationallicence DOC : Dissolved organic carbon nationallicence PAR : Photosynthetically active radiation (400-700nm) nationallicence Rubisco : Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase nationallicence UVA : Ultraviolet A radiation (320-400nm) nationallicence UVB : Ultraviolet B radiation (280-320nm) nationallicence Raven John Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, UK aut Giordano Mario Department of Marine Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy aut Beardall John School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Vic 3800, Clayton, Australia aut Maberly Stephen Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, Lancaster, UK aut Photosynthesis Research Springer Netherlands 109/1-3(2011-09-01), 281-296 0166-8595 109:1-3<281 2011 109 11120 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Raven John Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Giordano Mario Department of Marine Sciences, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beardall John School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Vic 3800, Clayton, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Maberly Stephen Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, Lancaster, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Photosynthesis Research Springer Netherlands 109/1-3(2011-09-01), 281-296 0166-8595 109:1-3<281 2011 109 11120 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer