caa a22 4500 445891629 CHVBK 20180317145618.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10750-011-0802-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10750-011-0802-5 Modern and pre-Industrial Age distributions of Cladocera in Italian and Swiss Alpine lakes [Elektronische Daten] [Liisa Nevalainen, Tomi Luoto, Suzanne Levine, Marina Manca] We compared contemporary and pre-Industrial Age (before 1850AD) fossil assemblages of Cladocera in sediment cores from 25 lakes in the Italian and Swiss Alps to investigate the impact of mounting anthropogenic stresses over the last 150years on community composition. In addition, we sought relationships between specific species and their environments by measuring nutrients, major ions, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, chlorophyll, and lake and catchment morphological features at the time of core collection for comparison with surface sediment fossil assemblages. The modern (surface sediment) communities of the study lakes consisted mainly of benthic chydorids, primarily Alona affinis, A. quadrangularis, Acroperus harpae, and Chydorus sphaericus-type, with Daphnia as the sole planktonic genus. Principal component analysis (PCA), relating the modern Cladocera assemblages to environmental variables at the time of sampling, indicated that A. affinis and A. quadrangularis are influenced by altitude and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (PCA axis 1) whereas Acroperus harpae and C. sphaericus-type are more influenced by potassium (PCA axis 2). Redundancy analysis, however, identified lake water pH and potassium as the measured variables most impacting modern cladoceran assemblages, and especially the distribution of C. sphaericus-type and A. harpae. Pre-Industrial Age samples contained more Daphnia (longispina-type primarily) than modern samples, and some harbored Eurycercus lamellatus, which has since been extirpated from these lakes. The directional shifts in Cladocera assemblages from the pre-industrial period to the present, illustrated as changes in the sample scores along the PCA axes 1 and 2, were associated with the secondary PCA gradient in almost all lakes, and thus were probably the indirect responses to a cascade of limnological alterations, perhaps initiated by large anthropogenic forcing factors such as atmospheric pollution or fish introductions. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 The Alps nationallicence Atmospheric pollution nationallicence Fossil cladocerans nationallicence Paleolimnology nationallicence Predation nationallicence Top-bottom approach nationallicence Nevalainen Liisa Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310, Mondsee, Austria aut Luoto Tomi Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Levine Suzanne Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA aut Manca Marina CNR Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy aut Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 676/1(2011-11-01), 173-185 0018-8158 676:1<173 2011 676 10750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0802-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0802-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nevalainen Liisa Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310, Mondsee, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Luoto Tomi Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Levine Suzanne Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manca Marina CNR Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 676/1(2011-11-01), 173-185 0018-8158 676:1<173 2011 676 10750 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer