caa a22 4500 445892250 CHVBK 20180317145620.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20111001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10750-011-0738-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10750-011-0738-9 Vymazal Jan Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic aut Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review [Elektronische Daten] [Jan Vymazal] The presence of macrophytes is one of the most conspicuous features of wetlands and their presence distinguishes constructed wetlands from unplanted soil filters or lagoons. The macrophytes growing in constructed wetlands have several properties in relation to the treatment process that make them an essential component of the design. However, only several roles of macrophytes apply to constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow (HF CWs). The plants used in HF CWs designed for wastewater treatment should therefore: (1) be tolerant of high organic and nutrient loadings, (2) have rich belowground organs (i.e. roots and rhizomes) in order to provide substrate for attached bacteria and oxygenation (even very limited) of areas adjacent to roots and rhizomes and (3) have high aboveground biomass for winter insulation in cold and temperate regions and for nutrient removal via harvesting. The comparison of treatment efficiency of vegetated HF CWs and unplanted filters is not unanimous but most studies have shown that systems with plants achieve higher treatment efficiency. The vegetation has mostly a positive effect, i.e. supports higher treatment efficiency, for organics and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. By far the most frequently used plant around the globe is Phragmites australis (Common reed). Species of the genera Typha (latifolia, angustifolia, domingensis, orientalis and glauca) and Scirpus (e.g. lacustris, validus, californicus and acutus) spp. are other commonly used species. In many countries, and especially in the tropics and subtropics, local plants including ornamental species are used for HF CWs. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Constructed wetlands nationallicence Horizontal flow nationallicence Macrophytes nationallicence Phragmites australis nationallicence Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 674/1(2011-10-01), 133-156 0018-8158 674:1<133 2011 674 10750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0738-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0738-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Vymazal Jan Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 674/1(2011-10-01), 133-156 0018-8158 674:1<133 2011 674 10750 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer