caa a22 4500 445893958 CHVBK 20180317145625.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10750-011-0603-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10750-011-0603-x Light-independent mechanisms of virion inactivation in coastal marine systems [Elektronische Daten] [Michael Finiguerra, Douglas Escribano, Gordon Taylor] The hypothesis that specific components of seawater, such as particulate, dissolved and colloidal organic and inorganic material, render virions non-infective has long been postulated, but never rigorously tested. To address this hypothesis, the plaque assay method was used to derive infective decay rates, k, of two bacteriophages—P1 (marine host: PWH3a) and T4 (enteric host: E. coli B). We compared k values of bacteriophage suspended in serial filtrations of seawater, with and without autoclaving and UV oxidation. Both phages exhibited reduced decay rates in particle-free water (<0.2μm) compared to <10μm filtrate. The largest decrease in virion decay rates was achieved by autoclaving the 0.2μm filtrate. UV oxidation of <0.2μm filtrate, however, yielded higher decay rates than observed in autoclaved treatments. The lowest k values were seen in ultra-filtered seawater (<10kDa). Exposure to a wide range of concentrations of Pronase E (a proteolytic enzyme), inorganic clay (kaolinite or montmorillonite), and organic particles (phytoplankton debris) did not promote phage inactivation. P1 infective titers were also not consistently reduced by exposures to axenic cultures of a resistant host mutant (PWH3a-R) and a non-host marine bacterium (MB-5). Finally, phage were exposed to a range of temperatures to derive activation energies required for phage inactivation. Application of the Arrhenius model to inactivation of T4 and P1 yielded activation energies (E a) of 49 and 40kJmol−1, respectively. This is the first comprehensive analysis in which specific seawater components were assayed for their ability to inactivate bacteriophage. Inactivation of these phage does not appear to depend on capsomere denaturation, proteolytic extracellular enzymes, sorption to non-host bacteria, clay particles or particulate organic debris, but is accelerated by naturally occurring particles, which include living organisms, and heat-labile colloids and macromolecules >10kDa. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Virion nationallicence Inactivation rate nationallicence Non-receptive host nationallicence Organic and inorganic debris nationallicence Capsid nationallicence Finiguerra Michael School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut Escribano Douglas School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut Taylor Gordon School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 665/1(2011-05-01), 51-66 0018-8158 665:1<51 2011 665 10750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0603-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0603-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Finiguerra Michael School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Escribano Douglas School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Taylor Gordon School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 665/1(2011-05-01), 51-66 0018-8158 665:1<51 2011 665 10750 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer