caa a22 4500 44589430X CHVBK 20180317145626.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170323e20110501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10750-010-0208-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10750-010-0208-9 Uye Shin-ichi Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1 Chome, 739-8528, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan aut Human forcing of the copepod-fish-jellyfish triangular trophic relationship [Elektronische Daten] [Shin-ichi Uye] Copepods, the most abundant planktonic metazoans, constitute an intermediate trophic position between phytoplankton and higher trophic-level animals such as fish and jellyfish. Fish and jellyfish are adversaries because they often compete for prey copepods and also can be prey of each other. The classical food chain represented by phytoplankton-copepod-fish is the main process leading to efficient and sustainable production of fish as human food. At present, more than 75% of world fish stocks are fully or over exploited. On the other hand, jellyfish populations have increased world-wide, particularly in waters under significant human influences. Two such cases are seen in East Asian waters, where massive blooms of moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita s.l.) and giant jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) have repeatedly occurred in recent decades, causing severe damage to local fisheries. In this article, I will review the pivotal role of copepods in marine ecosystems, particularly in the Inland Sea of Japan, where the annual fish catch per unit area is among the world's highest. Then, I will describe an ongoing ecosystem shift from dominance by fish to dominance by jellyfish as a consequence of human forcing. Finally, I will propose to create "sato-umi”, a coastal sea with high productivity and biodiversity with wise human interaction, where copepod production would most efficiently transforms into food for humans. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 Copepod-fish-jellyfish relationship nationallicence Copepod production nationallicence Jellyfish bloom nationallicence Human impact nationallicence Sato-umi nationallicence East Asia nationallicence Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 666/1(2011-05-01), 71-83 0018-8158 666:1<71 2011 666 10750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0208-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0208-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Uye Shin-ichi Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1 Chome, 739-8528, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Hydrobiologia Springer Netherlands 666/1(2011-05-01), 71-83 0018-8158 666:1<71 2011 666 10750 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer