caa a22 4500 463162056 CHVBK 20180406164750.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10734-005-2295-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10734-005-2295-5 Hashem Mazen California State University, Northridge aut Becoming an independent field: Societal pressures, state, and professions [Elektronische Daten] [Mazen Hashem] This paper inquires about the conditions that enable the rise of new applied undergraduate fields in American universities and colleges. After identifying high-growth fields since 1950, the paper traces their professional development from an embryonic stage until universities and colleges started offering bachelor's degrees in those fields. The experiences of the six fields of this study show that although pressures for academic differentiation were evident, governmental intervention was ultimately crucial. Qualitative evidence indicates that the independence of a new field hinges on the interaction of four factors: societal pressures, state intervention, academic resourcefulness of the field, and professional institutional processes. Springer, 2006 applied fields in higher education nationallicence curriculum change nationallicence higher education nationallicence state impact on new higher education nationallicence the relationship between professions and higher education development nationallicence Higher Education Kluwer Academic Publishers 54/2(2007-08-01), 181-205 0018-1560 54:2<181 2007 54 10734 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-2295-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-2295-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Hashem Mazen California State University, Northridge aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Higher Education Kluwer Academic Publishers 54/2(2007-08-01), 181-205 0018-1560 54:2<181 2007 54 10734 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer