caa a22 4500 463162390 CHVBK 20180406164751.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10311-006-0081-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10311-006-0081-y Philp R. School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 73019, Norman, OK, USA aut The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies: a review [Elektronische Daten] [R. Philp] In the past decade, environmental forensics has emerged as a discipline directed toward determining parties liable for causing spills of contaminants into the environment. Such investigations, while geared toward determining the guilty parties in order to recover costs of the cleanup and remediation, require various questions to be addressed. These include determination of the nature of the product; Where did it come from?; Extent of weathering, if any; How long has it been there?; and Is it degrading naturally? Traditionally, these studies have been addressed through utilization of techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). However, in recent years, stable isotopes, primarily determined through the use of combined gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCIRMS), have emerged as an equally important tool in environmental forensics. For relatively low molecular, volatile compounds such as MTBE, BTEX, or chlorinated solvents, the isotopes, primarily carbon and hydrogen, have been used extensively for evaluating the onset of natural attenuation. For larger molecules such as PCBs or PAHs, in which the effects of biodegradation on the isotope composition of these molecules is minimal, the isotopic fingerprints of the individual compounds can be used for correlation purposes. In this paper, a brief introduction to isotope geochemistry will be given, followed by a review of applications of stable isotopes to a variety of environmental problems. While the review may not necessarily be exhaustive, it will provide a comprehensive overview of areas where isotopes have been used and potential applications for the future. Most of the review is concerned with carbon and hydrogen isotopes, although a brief overview of the emerging area of chlorine isotopes will also be discussed. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Stable isotopes nationallicence Environmental nationallicence Forensic nationallicence GCIRMS nationallicence Carbon nationallicence Chlorine nationallicence MTBE nationallicence PCE nationallicence PCBs nationallicence PAHs nationallicence Environmental Chemistry Letters Springer-Verlag 5/2(2007-05-01), 57-66 1610-3653 5:2<57 2007 5 10311 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-006-0081-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-006-0081-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Philp R. School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 73019, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Chemistry Letters Springer-Verlag 5/2(2007-05-01), 57-66 1610-3653 5:2<57 2007 5 10311 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer