caa a22 4500 463167945 CHVBK 20180406164805.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10530-006-9071-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10530-006-9071-z Rapid shifts in the chemical composition of aspen forests: an introduced herbivore as an agent of natural selection [Elektronische Daten] [Joseph Bailey, Jennifer Schweitzer, Brian Rehill, Duncan Irschick, Thomas Whitham, Richard Lindroth] The global ecological impacts of introduced and exotic species can be dramatic, leading to losses in biodiversity and ecosystem "meltdown”, however, the evolutionary impacts of introduced species are much less understood. Further, very few studies have examined whether mammalian herbivores can act as agents of natural selection for plant traits. We examined the hypothesis that variation in aspen phytochemistry resulted in selective herbivory by Cervus elaphus (elk), an introduced mammalian herbivore. With the experimental removal of a large elk exclosure, elk selectively eliminated 60% of an aspen population previously protected from herbivory resulting in a dramatic shift in the phytochemical composition of the aspen forest. Selection gradients (β) varied from 0.52 to 0.66, well above average relative to other studies of selection. These results indicate that introduced herbivores can have rapid evolutionary consequences even on long lived native species. Because there are fundamental links between phytochemistry, biodiversity and ecosystem processes, the effects of an introduced herbivore are likely to have cascading impacts on the services ecosystems provide. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 Aspen nationallicence Elk nationallicence Herbivory nationallicence Introduced species nationallicence Natural selection nationallicence Phytochemistry nationallicence Populus nationallicence Plant animal interactions nationallicence Bailey Joseph Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Schweitzer Jennifer Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Rehill Brian Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 21402, Annapolis, MD, USA aut Irschick Duncan Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut Whitham Thomas Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA aut Lindroth Richard Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/6(2007-08-01), 715-722 1387-3547 9:6<715 2007 9 10530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9071-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9071-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bailey Joseph Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schweitzer Jennifer Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rehill Brian Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 21402, Annapolis, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Irschick Duncan Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Whitham Thomas Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lindroth Richard Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/6(2007-08-01), 715-722 1387-3547 9:6<715 2007 9 10530 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer