caa a22 4500 46316797X CHVBK 20180406164805.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10530-006-9066-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10530-006-9066-9 Understanding invasion as a process: the case of Phalaris arundinacea in wet prairies [Elektronische Daten] [Suzanne Kercher, Andrea Herr-Turoff, Joy B. Zedler] Invasive plants that most threaten biodiversity are those that rapidly form a monospecific stand, like the clonal grass, Phalaris arundinacea. Understanding complex and potentially interacting factors that are common in urban and agricultural landscapes and underlie rapid invasions requires an experimental, factorial approach. We tested the effects of flooding and nutrient and sediment additions (3×3×3=27 treatments, plus a control with no additions) on invasion of Phalaris into mesocosms containing wet prairie vegetation. We discovered a three-step invasion and degradation process: (1) initially, resident native species declined with prolonged flooding and sediment additions, and (2) prolonged flooding, sedimentation, and nutrients accelerated Phalaris aboveground growth; biomass rose to 430 times that of the control within just two growing seasons. The dramatic expansion of Phalaris in the second year resulted in the formation of monospecific stands in over one-third of the treatments, as (3) native species continued their decline in year 2. Disturbances acted alone and in combination to make the resident wetland community more invasible and Phalaris more aggressive, leading to monospecific stands. Yet, Phalaris did not always "win”: under the least disturbed conditions, the resident plant canopy remained dense and vigorous and Phalaris remained small. When anthropogenic disturbances coincide with increases in the gross supply of resources, more tolerant, fast-growing, and morphologically plastic plants like Phalaris can invade very rapidly. The fluctuating resource hypothesis should thus be refined to consider the role of interacting disturbances in facilitating invasions. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 Invasive species nationallicence Phalaris arundinacea nationallicence Reed canarygrass nationallicence Runoff nationallicence Wetlands nationallicence Wisconsin nationallicence Kercher Suzanne Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Herr-Turoff Andrea Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Zedler Joy B. Department of Botany and Arboretum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/6(2007-08-01), 657-665 1387-3547 9:6<657 2007 9 10530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9066-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9066-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kercher Suzanne Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Herr-Turoff Andrea Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zedler Joy B. Department of Botany and Arboretum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/6(2007-08-01), 657-665 1387-3547 9:6<657 2007 9 10530 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer