caa a22 4500 463168224 CHVBK 20180406164805.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10530-006-9035-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10530-006-9035-3 Establishment and spread of founding populations of an invasive thistle: the role of competition and seed limitation [Elektronische Daten] [Eelke Jongejans, Olav Skarpaas, Philip Tipping, Katriona Shea] Successful plant invasions require both the founding and local spread of new populations. High plant densities occur only when founding plants are able to disperse their seeds well locally to quickly colonize and fill the new patch. We test this ability in a 7-year field experiment with Carduus acanthoides, an invasive weed in several North American ecosystems. Founder plants were planted in the center of 64m2 plots and we monitored the recruitment, distribution pattern, mortality, and seed production of the seedlings that originated from these founding plants. Competing vegetation was clipped not at all, once, or twice each year to evaluate the importance of interspecific competition. More seedlings recruited in the intermediate once-clipped plots, and these seedlings also survived better. The control plots had fewer microsites for seedling recruitment; clipping a second time in September stimulated grasses to fill up the gaps. The number of C. acanthoides recruits and their median distances from the founder plants were also explained by the initial seed production of the founding plants. Overall, the experiment shows that the success of founder plants can fluctuate strongly, as 55% of the plots were empty by the sixth year. Our study suggests that the local invasion speed following initial establishment depends strongly on both the propagule pressure and availability of suitable microsites for seedling recruitment and growth. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2006 Carduus acanthoides nationallicence Founding populations nationallicence Invasion nationallicence Microsite limitation nationallicence Neighborhood expansion nationallicence Propagule pressure nationallicence Seed limitation nationallicence Stratified diffusion nationallicence Weed nationallicence Jongejans Eelke Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Skarpaas Olav Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Tipping Philip USDA-ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 33314, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA aut Shea Katriona Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Biological Invasions Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/3(2007-04-01), 317-325 1387-3547 9:3<317 2007 9 10530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9035-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9035-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jongejans Eelke Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Skarpaas Olav Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tipping Philip USDA-ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 33314, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shea Katriona Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Invasions Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/3(2007-04-01), 317-325 1387-3547 9:3<317 2007 9 10530 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer