caa a22 4500 463168313 CHVBK 20180406164806.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10530-006-9041-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10530-006-9041-5 Reconstructing past biological invasions: niche shifts in response to invasive predators and competitors [Elektronische Daten] [Meg Eastwood, Megan Donahue, Amy Fowler] Studying historic invasions can provide insight into the ongoing invasions that threaten global biodiversity. In this study, we reconsider the impacts of Littorina littorea and Carcinus maenas on the rocky intertidal community of the Gulf of Maine. Past research using invader-removal experiments demonstrated strong top-down effects of L. littorea on algal community structure; however, such removal experiments may overlook the long-term effects of niche shifts and local extinctions caused by invasive species. We considered how a niche-shift in the native littorine, Littorina saxatilis, may change the interpretation of L. littorea impacts. Using a factorial experiment crossing predator presence/absence with L. littorea presence/absence, we found that L. saxatilis is able to exert top-down control on ephemeral algae similar to that exerted by L.␣littorea and that both competition by L. littorea and predation by C. maenas have strong, negative impacts on L. saxatilis. We also found higher predation rates on protected shores and at lower tidal heights and preferential predation on L.␣saxatilis compared to L. littorea. While movement experiments demonstrate that behavioral response to tidal height is the proximate cause of L. saxatilis exclusion from the lower intertidal, our study suggests that the ultimate causes are the additive effects of competition from and predation by invasive species. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2006 Carcinus maenas nationallicence Competition nationallicence Gulf of Maine nationallicence Invasive species nationallicence Littorina littorea nationallicence Littorina saxatilis nationallicence Niche shift nationallicence Predation nationallicence Top-down effects nationallicence Trophic interactions nationallicence GOM : Gulf of Maine nationallicence Eastwood Meg Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA aut Donahue Megan Shoals Marine Laboratory, Isles of Shoals, ME, USA aut Fowler Amy Shoals Marine Laboratory, Isles of Shoals, ME, USA aut Biological Invasions Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/4(2007-06-01), 397-407 1387-3547 9:4<397 2007 9 10530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9041-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9041-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eastwood Meg Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Donahue Megan Shoals Marine Laboratory, Isles of Shoals, ME, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fowler Amy Shoals Marine Laboratory, Isles of Shoals, ME, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Invasions Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/4(2007-06-01), 397-407 1387-3547 9:4<397 2007 9 10530 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer