caa a22 4500 463168372 CHVBK 20180406164806.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10530-007-9096-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10530-007-9096-y Few immigrant phytophagous insects on woody plants in Europe: legacy of the European crucible? [Elektronische Daten] [William Mattson, Henri Vanhanen, Timo Veteli, Sanna Sivonen, Pekka Niemelä] Exotic phytophagous insects are invading forest ecosystems worldwide. So far, 109 invasive insects on woody plants, 57 from North American (NA), and 52 from Asia (A) have established populations in European forests. Four orders account for about 84% of the immigrants: Homoptera 39%, Lepidoptera 13%, Coleoptera 19%, and Hymenoptera 13%. The majority of these invasive species (63% of NA and 77% of A) live on deciduous trees, of which 36% have been introduced from NA and Asia. The remaining insect species (37% NA and 25% A) live on various conifers, of which 53% have also been introduced. Most (57%) of the NA insects feeding on coniferous plants live upon their introduced, native host plants. These data suggest that many NA immigrant phytophagous species in Europe have been successful in establishing permanent populations because their native hosts preceded or accompanied them into Europe and/or were asexually reproducing species. We propose that fewer invasive phytophagous insects have become established in European compared to North American woodlands because of the unique legacy of the European Pleistocene/Holocene crucible (i.e. endless cycles of populations contracting into highly disparate, dispersed metapopulation refugia and eventually expanding out of them) on European species and ecosystems that caused highly diminished heterogeneity. This translates to fewer and less penetrable tri-trophic niches in Europe due to fewer and less available host plants, but greater zootic resistance per niche derived from more competition-hardened competitors and possibly natural enemies. Moreover, many European species are probably superior invasion specialists because the crucible favored traits that are conducive to success in highly subdivided, and extinction-prone metapopulations: asexual reproduction, polyploidy, and other traits especially conducive to persistence under stress, and explosive growth/spread under amelioration. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2007 Crucible hypothesis nationallicence Introduced species nationallicence Invasives nationallicence Tri-trophic niche nationallicence Allee effects nationallicence Mattson William Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, 54501, Rhinelander, WI, USA aut Vanhanen Henri Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut Veteli Timo Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut Sivonen Sanna Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut Niemelä Pekka Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/8(2007-12-01), 957-974 1387-3547 9:8<957 2007 9 10530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9096-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9096-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mattson William Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, 54501, Rhinelander, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vanhanen Henri Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Veteli Timo Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sivonen Sanna Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Niemelä Pekka Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Invasions Springer Netherlands 9/8(2007-12-01), 957-974 1387-3547 9:8<957 2007 9 10530 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer