caa a22 4500 463179056 CHVBK 20180406164833.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00381-006-0185-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00381-006-0185-5 An optical evaluation of the phenomenon of red out in neuroendoscopic surgery: what is the physical background? [Elektronische Daten] [M. Scholz, M. Hofmann, M. Breede, I. Pechlivanis, M. Engelhardt, K. Schmieder, W. Konen, A. Harders] Background: The loss of visualization in neuroendoscopy due to intraoperative bleeding is called "red out”. Although red out is a well-known problem during endoscopy, clear physical descriptions of this phenomenon are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the optical properties of red out. In particular, the attenuation coefficient, comprising scattering, and absorption, of various blood/Ringer solutions was quantified and measured spectrally resolved. Small amounts of blood virtually preclude neuroendoscopic visualization. In blood/Ringer solutions with a dilution of 1:101, it was not possible to distinguish characters (font size 10, Arial) at a distance of 5mm. We have concluded, from our physical investigations, that the problem of red out is dominated by scattering rather than by absorption. Accordingly, technical developments aimed at increasing information acquisition under red out conditions should be based on optical measurement concepts for scattering media. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Neuroendoscopy nationallicence Scattering nationallicence Absorption nationallicence Navigation nationallicence Intraventricular hemmorhage nationallicence Scholz M. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut Hofmann M. Department of Optoelectronics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany aut Breede M. Department of Optoelectronics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany aut Pechlivanis I. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut Engelhardt M. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut Schmieder K. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut Konen W. Institute of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany aut Harders A. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut Child's Nervous System Springer-Verlag 23/1(2007-01-01), 73-77 0256-7040 23:1<73 2007 23 381 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-006-0185-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-006-0185-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scholz M. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hofmann M. Department of Optoelectronics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Breede M. Department of Optoelectronics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pechlivanis I. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Engelhardt M. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmieder K. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Konen W. Institute of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Harders A. Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschaft Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Child's Nervous System Springer-Verlag 23/1(2007-01-01), 73-77 0256-7040 23:1<73 2007 23 381 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer