caa a22 4500 463185722 CHVBK 20180406164852.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00726-006-0432-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00726-006-0432-9 Mechanisms of homocysteine toxicity in humans [Elektronische Daten] [J. Perła-Kaján, T. Twardowski, H. Jakubowski] Summary.: Homocysteine, a non-protein amino acid, is an important risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke in humans. This review provides an overview of homocysteine influence on endothelium function as well as on protein metabolism with a special respect to posttranslational modification of protein with homocysteine thiolactone. Homocysteine is a pro-thrombotic factor, vasodilation impairing agent, pro-inflammatory factor and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress inducer. Incorporation of Hcy into protein via disulfide or amide linkages (S-homocysteinylation or N-homocysteinylation) affects protein structure and function. Protein N-homocysteinylation causes cellular toxicity and elicits autoimmune response, which may contribute to atherogenesis. Springer-Verlag, 2007 Keywords: Homocysteine - Homocysteine thiolactone - Protein N-homocysteinylation - Toxicity - Autoantibodies - Protein S-homocysteinylation nationallicence APC : activated protein C nationallicence BLH : bleomycin hydrolase nationallicence ER : endoplasmatic reticulum nationallicence HDL : high density lipoprotein nationallicence HTL : homocysteine thiolactone nationallicence LDL : low density lipoprotein nationallicence MetRS : methionyl-tRNA synthetase nationallicence MS : methionine synthase nationallicence PON : paraoxonase nationallicence SAH : S-adenosylhomocysteine nationallicence SAM : S-adenosylmethionine nationallicence TPA : tissue plasminogen activator nationallicence UPR : unfolded protein response nationallicence VEGF : vascular endothelial growth factor nationallicence Perła-Kaján J. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut Twardowski T. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut Jakubowski H. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut Amino Acids Springer-Verlag 32/4(2007-05-01), 561-572 0939-4451 32:4<561 2007 32 726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0432-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0432-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Perła-Kaján J. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Twardowski T. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jakubowski H. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Amino Acids Springer-Verlag 32/4(2007-05-01), 561-572 0939-4451 32:4<561 2007 32 726 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer