caa a22 4500 463194497 CHVBK 20180406164918.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00420-006-0148-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00420-006-0148-x Inhalation and dermal exposure to eight antineoplastic drugs in an industrial laundry facility [Elektronische Daten] [Wouter Fransman, Daan Huizer, Jochen Tuerk, Hans Kromhout] Objectives: The aims of the study were to quantify levels of dermal and inhalation exposure to antineoplastic drugs in an industrial laundry service in the Netherlands and to test the removal efficiency of the washing procedure for removal of antineoplastic drugs. Methods: During four workdays dermal and inhalation exposure to eight frequently used antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, cytarabine, gemcitabine and chlorambucil) were measured for all job titles involved in handling unwashed laundry. To test the removal efficiency of the washing procedure, 10×10cm sections were excised before and after the washing procedure. These sections were taken from 15 bed sheets that were collected in hospitals of patients who were treated with one of the selected antineoplastic drugs. Results: During none of the four measurement days, detectable levels of any of the eight antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, cytarabine, gemcitabine, or chlorambucil) were found on workers' skin of hands or in any of the air samples. Only four out of the 15 bed sheets from patients that were treated with antineoplastic drugs appeared to be contaminated with detectable levels of antineoplastic drugs before the washing procedure (range 13.0-3,060ng/100cm2). After the pre-washing and after the complete washing procedure, no detectable levels of any of the eight antineoplastic drugs were found anymore in the selected bed sheets. Conclusions: The implementation of guidelines for working with antineoplastic drugs seems to be successful in reducing exposure to antineoplastic drugs of workers in this laundry facility to an acceptable, non-detectable level and to remove antineoplastic drug contamination from bed linen. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Antineoplastic drugs nationallicence Occupational exposure nationallicence Laundry facility nationallicence Hospital laundry nationallicence LC-MS/MS nationallicence Fransman Wouter Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Huizer Daan Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Tuerk Jochen Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany aut Kromhout Hans Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Springer-Verlag 80/5(2007-04-01), 396-403 0340-0131 80:5<396 2007 80 420 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-006-0148-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-006-0148-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fransman Wouter Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huizer Daan Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tuerk Jochen Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kromhout Hans Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Springer-Verlag 80/5(2007-04-01), 396-403 0340-0131 80:5<396 2007 80 420 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer