caa a22 4500 463196228 CHVBK 20180406164923.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10773-007-9434-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10773-007-9434-y Oliveira Firmin Joint Astronomy Centre, 96720, Hilo, HI, USA aut Is the Pioneer Anomaly a Counter Example to the Dark Matter Hypothesis? [Elektronische Daten] [Firmin Oliveira] The Hubble law is extended to massive particles based on the de Broglie wavelength. Due to the expansion of the universe the wavelength of an unbound particle would increase according to its cosmological redshift. Based on the navigation anomalies of the Pioneer 10 & 11 spacecraft it is postulated that an unbound massive particle has a cosmological redshift z=(c/v 0)H 0 t, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, v 0 is the initial velocity of the particle, H 0 is Hubble's constant and t is the duration of time that the particle has been unbound. The increase in wavelength of the particle corresponds to a decrease in its speed by Δv=−cH 0 t. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the solar system has escaped the gravity of the Galaxy as evidenced by its orbital speed and radial distance and by the visible mass within the solar system radius. This means that spacecraft which become unbound to the solar system would also be galactically unbound and subject to the Hubble law. This hypothesis and the extended Hubble law may explain the anomalous acceleration found to be acting upon the unbound Pioneer 10 & 11 spacecraft. Thus, the Pioneer anomaly may be a counter example to the dark matter hypothesis. Because photons have a speed which make them unbound to the Galaxy, it is predicted that the navigation beam in open space would undergo a cosmological redshift in its frequency which would be detectable with modern clocks. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007 Hubble law nationallicence Anomalous acceleration nationallicence Dark matter nationallicence MOND nationallicence Carmeli cosmology nationallicence International Journal of Theoretical Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 46/12(2007-12-01), 3193-3200 0020-7748 46:12<3193 2007 46 10773 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-007-9434-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-007-9434-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Oliveira Firmin Joint Astronomy Centre, 96720, Hilo, HI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Journal of Theoretical Physics Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 46/12(2007-12-01), 3193-3200 0020-7748 46:12<3193 2007 46 10773 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer