caa a22 4500 463208994 CHVBK 20180405153134.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10705-006-9087-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10705-006-9087-x Factors affecting the use of fertilizers and manure by smallholders: the case of Vihiga, western Kenya [Elektronische Daten] [Michael Waithaka, Philip Thornton, Keith Shepherd, Nicholas Ndiwa] Sub-Saharan Africa faces huge food supply challenges due to increasing human population, limited opportunities to increase arable land, and declining yields associated with continuously declining soil fertility. To cater for their food requirements, smallholders use only modest levels of inorganic fertilizers and rely to a large extent on manure, which is generally of low quality. To explore factors influencing fertilizer and manure use at the farm level, 253 farm households in Vihiga district of western Kenya were sampled. A pair of Tobit models was used to relate amounts of manure and fertilizer used to household variables. The results indicate that the use of both manure and fertilizer reciprocally influence each other and are strongly influenced by household factors, and also imply that manure and fertilizer uses are endogenous. Policy changes are required to (1) reduce the burden on farming alone in rural areas; (2) promote the use of higher-cost, higher-value inputs such as fertilizers; (3) improve access to input and output markets; and (4) encourage farmer education so as to promote sustainable soil fertility management. Improved understanding of the biophysical and socioeconomic environment of smallholder systems can help target sustainable soil fertility interventions more appropriately. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2007 Soil fertility management nationallicence Smallholders nationallicence Policy nationallicence Kenya nationallicence Tobit models nationallicence Waithaka Michael Eastern and Central Africa Programme for Agricultural Policy Analysis (ECAPAPA), ASARECA, Plot 13 John Babiiha Road, PO Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda aut Thornton Philip International Livestock Research Institute and Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, ILRI, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut Shepherd Keith International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, World Agroforestry Centre, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut Ndiwa Nicholas International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems Kluwer Academic Publishers 78/3(2007-07-01), 211-224 1385-1314 78:3<211 2007 78 10705 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9087-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9087-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Waithaka Michael Eastern and Central Africa Programme for Agricultural Policy Analysis (ECAPAPA), ASARECA, Plot 13 John Babiiha Road, PO Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thornton Philip International Livestock Research Institute and Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, ILRI, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shepherd Keith International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, World Agroforestry Centre, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ndiwa Nicholas International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems Kluwer Academic Publishers 78/3(2007-07-01), 211-224 1385-1314 78:3<211 2007 78 10705 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer