caa a22 4500 463218159 CHVBK 20180405153203.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11056-007-9054-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11056-007-9054-7 Improving the collection and germination of West African Garcinia kola Heckel seeds [Elektronische Daten] [Juliana Agyili, Moctar Sacande, Edmond Koffi, Theresa Peprah] Garcinia kola is highly used as chew-stick for dental care in West Africa, but it is nearly commercially extinct in nature. To help find methods to increase rate and percentage of germination, we investigated its seed germination responses by using several collections and pre-treatments. Seeds processed from 6-week old green fruits did not germinate, whilst those of 10-week old partly-mature, at the intermediate stage through full development, germinated 46%. Seeds from orange mature fruits reached maximum 54-62% germination. Radicles emerged 6weeks after sowing and normal germination with emergence of the primary single shoot growth occurred after 12weeks. There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) between germination responses of seeds from Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire. Seeds did not germinate when dried to below ca. 30% MC. De-coating seeds or soaking intact seeds in a 70% ethanol solution increased germination to 82-92%, and also increased germination rate; however germination was not uniform. Because difficulties in germinating these seeds stem from the physical presence of the seed coats and the slow growth of the embryos contained therein, we recommend that fresh seeds from mature fruits be de-coated and immediately sown in preferably, an aerated medium (e.g., sawdust) for cultivation. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2007 Garcinia kola nationallicence Seed collection nationallicence Pre-treatments nationallicence Desiccation nationallicence Germination nationallicence Cote d'Ivoire nationallicence Ghana nationallicence Agyili Juliana Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana aut Sacande Moctar Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, RH17 6TN, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, UK aut Koffi Edmond Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), 01 BP 1740, 01, Abidjan, Ivory Coast aut Peprah Theresa Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana aut New Forests Springer Netherlands 34/3(2007-11-01), 269-279 0169-4286 34:3<269 2007 34 11056 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9054-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9054-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Agyili Juliana Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sacande Moctar Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, RH17 6TN, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Koffi Edmond Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), 01 BP 1740, 01, Abidjan, Ivory Coast aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peprah Theresa Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- New Forests Springer Netherlands 34/3(2007-11-01), 269-279 0169-4286 34:3<269 2007 34 11056 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer