caa a22 4500 463231791 CHVBK 20180405153244.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite [Elektronische Daten] [Susan Etok, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, Timothy Wess, Jennifer Hiller, Clark Maxwell, Keith Rogers, David Manning, Margaret White, Elisa Lopez-Capel, Matthew Collins, Mike Buckley, Kirsty Penkman, Stephen Woodgate] The thermal behaviour of the animal by-product meat and bone meal (MBM) has been investigated in order to assess how it is affected structurally and chemically by incineration. Initially composed of intergrown collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), combustion of the organic component is complete by 650°C, with most mass loss (50-55%) occurring by 500°C. No original proteins were detected in samples heated at 400°C or above. Combustion of collagen is accompanied by an increase in HAP mean crystallite size at temperatures greater than 400°C, from 10nm to a constant value of 120nm at 800°C or more. Newly formed crystalline phases appear beyond 400°C, and include β-tricalcium phosphate, NaCaPO4, halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl). Crystallite thickness as judged by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) increases from 2nm (25-400°C) to 8-9nm very rapidly at 550°C, and then gradually increases to approximately 10nm. The original texture of HAP within a collagen matrix is progressively lost, producing a porous HAP dominated solid at 700°C, and a very low porosity sintered HAP product at 900°C. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007 Etok Susan Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK aut Valsami-Jones Eugenia Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK aut Wess Timothy Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut Hiller Jennifer Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut Maxwell Clark Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut Rogers Keith Centre for Materials Science and Engineering, Cranfield University Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, Swindon, UK aut Manning David School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut White Margaret School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut Lopez-Capel Elisa School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut Collins Matthew Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut Buckley Mike Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut Penkman Kirsty Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut Woodgate Stephen PDM Group, c/o Beacon Research, Kelmarsh Road, LE16 9RX, Clipston, Leicestershire, UK aut Journal of Materials Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 42/23(2007-12-01), 9807-9816 0022-2461 42:23<9807 2007 42 10853 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Etok Susan Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Valsami-Jones Eugenia Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wess Timothy Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hiller Jennifer Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Maxwell Clark Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rogers Keith Centre for Materials Science and Engineering, Cranfield University Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, Swindon, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manning David School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- White Margaret School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lopez-Capel Elisa School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Collins Matthew Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Buckley Mike Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Penkman Kirsty Bio-Arc (Archaeology), University of York, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Woodgate Stephen PDM Group, c/o Beacon Research, Kelmarsh Road, LE16 9RX, Clipston, Leicestershire, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Materials Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 42/23(2007-12-01), 9807-9816 0022-2461 42:23<9807 2007 42 10853 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer