caa a22 4500 463235916 CHVBK 20180405153256.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11240-006-9186-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11240-006-9186-z Role of calcium-calmodulin in auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base cultures of wheat ( Triticum aestivum var. HD 2329) [Elektronische Daten] [Akella Mahalakshmi, Bhumica Singla, Jitendra Khurana, Paramjit Khurana] Wheat leaf bases cultured for 1 day on 2,4-d (10μM) display the induction of somatic embryogenesis. The induction of somatic embryogenesis by 2,4-d appears to be calcium-mediated as treatment of leaf bases with the calcium chelator, EGTA, prior to 2,4-d treatment, inhibited the induction of somatic embryogenesis. This sensitivity of auxin to reduced calcium levels can be reversed by calcium ions alone and not any other divalent cation like magnesium or zinc. Additionally, the expression of the three calcium-regulated genes, Triticum aestivum calmodulin binding protein kinase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and putative calcium binding protein was analyzed in wheat leaf bases which suggest a specific role for Ca2+ in somatic embryogenesis. Application of the calcium ionophore, A23187, either alone or along with 2,4-d, induced somatic embryogenesis. This specificity for calcium was verified both by treatment with the calcium antagonist TMB8, and the elimination of calcium from the medium, resulting in reduction of somatic embryogenesis by 80%. Treatment with calcium channel blockers like verapamil and nifedipine, calcium antagonist, lanthanum, and calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and fluphenazine, prior to the 2,4-d treatment, inhibited induction of somatic embryogenesis. The present study thus provides evidence for the involvement of calcium-calmodulin in the stimulus-response coupling of auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base system. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2007 2,4- d nationallicence Calcium nationallicence Calmodulin nationallicence EGTA nationallicence Somatic embryogenesis nationallicence Mahalakshmi Akella Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut Singla Bhumica Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut Khurana Jitendra Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut Khurana Paramjit Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Kluwer Academic Publishers 88/2(2007-02-01), 167-174 0167-6857 88:2<167 2007 88 11240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9186-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9186-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mahalakshmi Akella Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Singla Bhumica Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khurana Jitendra Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khurana Paramjit Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, 110021, New Delhi, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Kluwer Academic Publishers 88/2(2007-02-01), 167-174 0167-6857 88:2<167 2007 88 11240 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer