caa a22 4500 463236505 CHVBK 20180405153259.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11240-007-9242-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11240-007-9242-3 A protocol for direct somatic embryogenesis of Protea cynaroides L. using zygotic embryos and cotyledon tissues [Elektronische Daten] [H. Wu, E. du Toit, C. Reinhardt] We describe a protocol for somatic embryogenesis of Protea cynaroides, with potential for high frequency production of this important horticultural species. Somatic embryos formed directly on both P. cynaroides mature zygotic embryos and excised cotyledons cultured on MS medium without growth regulators. The addition of growth regulators such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (5; 13 and 27μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5; 11 and 23μM), in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) (1μM), benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1μM) or kinetin (1μM) suppressed the formation of somatic embryos. After eight weeks in culture, formation of somatic embryos was observed. Zygotic explants formed the most embryos when cultured in a 12-h photoperiod in comparison to explants cultured in the dark. Up to 83% of these embryos germinated after transferal to the germination medium containing 0.3μM GA3. Significantly fewer embryos germinated in MS medium with no growth regulators, or supplemented with higher concentrations of GA3, while low germination percentages were also observed in MS media containing casein hydrolysate and coconut water. The germination of normal somatic embryos (two separate cotyledons and a single radicle) was observed only in media containing either no growth regulators, 0.3μM GA3 or 1μM GA3. All embryos that germinated in high concentrations of GA3 were malformed. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2007 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid nationallicence Invitro culture nationallicence King Protea nationallicence Somatic embryo nationallicence 2,4D : 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid nationallicence BAP : 6-Benzylaminopurine nationallicence GA3 : Gibberellic acid nationallicence NAA : 1-Naphthalene acetic acid nationallicence PAR : Photosynthetic active radiation nationallicence TDZ : Thidiazuron nationallicence Wu H. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut du Toit E. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut Reinhardt C. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Kluwer Academic Publishers 89/2-3(2007-05-01), 217-224 0167-6857 89:2-3<217 2007 89 11240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9242-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9242-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wu H. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- du Toit E. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reinhardt C. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Kluwer Academic Publishers 89/2-3(2007-05-01), 217-224 0167-6857 89:2-3<217 2007 89 11240 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer