caa a22 4500 463237129 CHVBK 20180405153301.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11259-007-0077-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11259-007-0077-5 Isoflurane Potency in the Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens is Similar to That in Mammalian Species and is Unaffected by Decerebration [Elektronische Daten] [L. Barter, L. Mark, A. Smith, J. Antognini] Amphibians are commonly used in biomedical research, including studies of mechanisms of anaesthetic action. There is, however, little published work describing the kinetics of inhaled anaesthetic agents or the potency of isoflurane in amphibians. Ten Northern leopard frogs were exposed to a constant isoflurane concentration of 1.0%, 1.2% or 1.5% atm for 4 h, and their response to a noxious stimulus was tested every 20 min. Each frog was anaesthetized with each concentration in random order and allowed at least 16 h to recover between anaesthetic exposures. Frogs were then pithed and the protocol was repeated. Frogs first displayed immobility during stimulus application at 80 min, and the proportion of animals becoming immobile steadily increased to reach a stable level at 4 h. The 50% effective dose for isoflurane in intact and pithed frogs did not differ, and was 1.15 and 1.25% atm, respectively. The potency of isoflurane in leopard frogs was similar to that reported in mammalian species. Cutaneous uptake of anaesthetic is effective given sufficient time, approximately 4 h in this study. Forebrain structures appear to be unimportant for the immobilizing action of isoflurane in the frog. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 2007 amphibian nationallicence frog nationallicence anaesthesia nationallicence inhalants nationallicence anaesthetic potency nationallicence isoflurane nationallicence ED50 : 50% effective dose nationallicence MAC : minimum alveolar concentration nationallicence Barter L. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut Mark L. University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA aut Smith A. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut Antognini J. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut Veterinary Research Communications Kluwer Academic Publishers 31/6(2007-08-01), 757-763 0165-7380 31:6<757 2007 31 11259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-0077-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-0077-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Barter L. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mark L. University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smith A. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Antognini J. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, California aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Veterinary Research Communications Kluwer Academic Publishers 31/6(2007-08-01), 757-763 0165-7380 31:6<757 2007 31 11259 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer