caa a22 4500 46323717X CHVBK 20180405153301.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11259-007-0049-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11259-007-0049-9 Clinicophysiological Effects of Spinally Administered Ketamine and Its Combination with Xylazine and Medetomidine in Healthy Goats [Elektronische Daten] [P. Kinjavdekar, G. Singh, H. Aithal, A. Pawde] The study was conducted in 9 healthy adult goats of either sex, weighing 15-20 kg, to evaluate and compare the clinicophysiological effects of spinally administered ketamine alone and in combination with xylazine and medetomidine. Nine trials each of the three treatments were conducted randomly by injecting ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) (n = 9), ketamine and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg) (n = 9) and ketamine and medetomidine (2.5 mg/kg and 10 μg/kg) (n = 9). The drugs were administered at the lumbosacral subarachnoid space under strict aseptic conditions. The treatments were evaluated on the basis of clinicophysiological, haematological, biochemical and haemodynamic observations. Ketamine produced mild to moderate analgesia of the hindquarters. Its combination with either xylazine or medetomidine produced complete analgesia of the hindquarters for 45-60 min. Ataxia was moderate in the ketamine group, whereas animals attained sternal recumbency in the combination groups. A moderate degree of sedation was recorded in the combination groups. Heart rate and respiratory rate depression in the combination groups and heart rate and respiratory rate stimulation in ketamine group were recorded. Haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. Increase in serum glucose, creatinine and urea nitrogen was recorded in all the groups. Serum electrolytes did not show any significant change. The results showed that the combination of ketamine with xylazine or medetomidine at these dose rates produced a comparable degrees of analgesia of hindquarters with transient and minimal cardiopulmonary side effects. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 2007 goat nationallicence ketamine nationallicence medetomidine nationallicence spinal nationallicence xylazine nationallicence ADH : antidiuretic hormone nationallicence ANOVA : analysis of variance nationallicence CNS : central nervous system nationallicence CSF : cerebrospinal fluid nationallicence EDTA : ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid nationallicence Hb : haemoglobin nationallicence HR : heart rate nationallicence NMDA : N-methyl-D-aspartate nationallicence PCV : packed cell volume nationallicence RR : respiratory rate nationallicence RT : rectal temperature nationallicence SUN : serum urea nitrogen nationallicence TLC : total leukocyte count nationallicence Kinjavdekar P. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Singh G. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Aithal H. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Pawde A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Veterinary Research Communications Springer Netherlands 31/7(2007-10-01), 847-861 0165-7380 31:7<847 2007 31 11259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-0049-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-007-0049-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kinjavdekar P. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Singh G. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aithal H. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pawde A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Veterinary Research Communications Springer Netherlands 31/7(2007-10-01), 847-861 0165-7380 31:7<847 2007 31 11259 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer