caa a22 4500 463238761 CHVBK 20180405153306.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11259-006-3367-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11259-006-3367-4 Effects of Epidural Ketamine-Xylazine Combination on the Clinicophysiological and Haematobiochemical Parameters of Uraemic and Healthy Goats [Elektronische Daten] [K. Singh, P. Kinjavdekar, Amarpal,, H. Aithal, A. Gopinathan, G. Singh, A. Pawde, K. Pratap] Xylazine-ketamine combination was evaluated for its efficacy and safety after epidural administration in uraemic and healthy goats. The combination (xylazine 0.025 mg/kg and ketamine 2.5 mg/kg) was administered to uraemic (n = 6) and healthy (n = 6) animals in the lumbosacral epidural space. The combination was evaluated in terms of clinical, physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters. The onset of analgesia was faster in healthy animals than in uraemic animals. Xylazine and ketamine produced complete analgesia of tail, perineum, inguinal and thigh regions in all animals of both groups. However, healthy animals showed longer duration of complete analgesia than did uraemic animals. Greater ataxia was recorded in healthy animals than in uraemic animals. The heart rate showed a significant decrease in both groups; however, respiratory rate and rectal temperature did not show any significant changes. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total leukocyte count decreased non-significantly in both groups. Total leukocyte count was significantly higher in uraemic animals. A significantly higher value of urea nitrogen and creatinine was recorded in uraemic animals. The blood electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl−) and blood gases (P o 2 and P co 2) did not show any significant changes in both groups; however, base excess was significantly higher in uraemic animals. The effects produced by the combination on different systems were transient and values normal as the effect of the drugs wore off. The results suggest that the combination when used epidurally in uraemic goats produced effective and safe surgical analgesia. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 2007 epidural anaesthesia nationallicence ketamine nationallicence uraemic goats nationallicence urolithiasis nationallicence xylazine nationallicence ANOVA : analysis of variance nationallicence BE : base excess nationallicence CPCSEA : Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experimental Animals nationallicence DLC : differential leukocyte count nationallicence Hb : haemoglobin nationallicence HR : heart rate nationallicence PCV : packed cell volume nationallicence P co 2 : partial pressure of carbon dioxide nationallicence P o 2 : partial pressure of oxygen nationallicence RR : respiration rate nationallicence BUN : blood urea nitrogen nationallicence RT : rectal temperature nationallicence S o 2 : saturation of oxygen nationallicence TLC : total leukocyte count nationallicence Singh K. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Kinjavdekar P. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Amarpal, Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Aithal H. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Gopinathan A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Singh G. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Pawde A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Pratap K. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut Veterinary Research Communications Kluwer Academic Publishers 31/2(2007-02-01), 133-142 0165-7380 31:2<133 2007 31 11259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3367-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3367-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Singh K. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kinjavdekar P. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Amarpal Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aithal H. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gopinathan A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Singh G. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pawde A. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pratap K. Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Veterinary Research Communications Kluwer Academic Publishers 31/2(2007-02-01), 133-142 0165-7380 31:2<133 2007 31 11259 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer