caa a22 4500 463247760 CHVBK 20180405153331.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10086-007-0879-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10086-007-0879-7 Characterization of sp2- and sp3-bonded carbon in wood charcoal [Elektronische Daten] [Kengo Ishimaru, Toshimitsu Hata, Paul Bronsveld, Takashi Nishizawa, Yuji Imamura] Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) preheated at 700°C was subsequently heated to 1800°C and characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The degree of disorder of carbon crystallites and the amount of amorphous phase decreased considerably with an increase in heat treatment temperature to 1400°C, while carbon crystallites clearly developed above this temperature, showing that the microstructure of carbonized wood undergoes drastic changes around 1400°C. Besides showing the bands for sp2-bonded carbon, the Raman spectra showed a shoulder near 1100 cm−1 assigned to sp3-bonded carbon. With an increase of heat treatment temperature, the peak position of the Raman sp3 band shifted to a lower frequency from 1190 to 1120 cm−1, which is due to the transformation of sp3-bonded carbon from an amorphous phase to a nanocrystalline phase. These data showed that the microstructure of carbonized wood from 700° to 1800°C consisted of the combination of sp2- and sp3-bonded carbon, which is probably due to the disordered microstructure of carbonized wood. It is suggested that the sp3-bonded carbon is transformed from an amorphous structure to a nanocrystalline structure with the growth of polyaromatic stacks at temperatures above 1400°C. The Japan Wood Research Society, 2007 Charcoal nationallicence Carbonization nationallicence Microstructure nationallicence Raman spectroscopy nationallicence Ishimaru Kengo Daiwa House Industry Co. Ltd., 6-6-2 Sakyo, 631-0801, Nara, Japan aut Hata Toshimitsu Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 611-0011, Uji, Japan aut Bronsveld Paul Department of Applied Physics, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands aut Nishizawa Takashi Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 135-0064, Tokyo, Japan aut Imamura Yuji Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 611-0011, Uji, Japan aut Journal of Wood Science Springer-Verlag 53/5(2007-10-01), 442-448 1435-0211 53:5<442 2007 53 10086 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-007-0879-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-007-0879-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ishimaru Kengo Daiwa House Industry Co. Ltd., 6-6-2 Sakyo, 631-0801, Nara, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hata Toshimitsu Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 611-0011, Uji, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bronsveld Paul Department of Applied Physics, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nishizawa Takashi Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 135-0064, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Imamura Yuji Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 611-0011, Uji, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Wood Science Springer-Verlag 53/5(2007-10-01), 442-448 1435-0211 53:5<442 2007 53 10086 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer