caa a22 4500 463248619 CHVBK 20180405153333.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11031-007-9062-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11031-007-9062-0 Anxiety and defensiveness: individual differences in affective startle modulation [Elektronische Daten] [Richard Temple, Edwin Cook III] Anxious individuals selectively attend to threatening information, and defensiveness may influence the experience and expression of anxiety. Fifty-eight undergraduates scoring high and low on measures of anxiety and defensiveness viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Acoustic startle probes were presented 60, 240, or 2,000ms after picture onset. At 60ms and 240ms, repressors (low anxiety, high defensiveness) showed weaker blinks during both pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral pictures, suggesting enhanced early attention to affective stimuli, regardless of valence. At 2,000ms, high-anxious but not low anxious participants showed potentiated startle responses during unpleasant compared to pleasant pictures. Although this result replicated previous research on anxiety and valence modulation of startle, exploratory analyses suggested that the valence effect was restricted to trait anxious individuals tending toward a defensive coping style. Across probe conditions, defensiveness was associated with heightened startle reactivity independent of self-reported anxiety and foreground stimulus characteristics. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007 Startle nationallicence Anxiety nationallicence Defensiveness nationallicence Repression nationallicence Temple Richard Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Campbell Hall, 1530 3rd Avenue South, 35294-1170, Birmingham, AL, UK aut Cook III Edwin Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Campbell Hall, 1530 3rd Avenue South, 35294-1170, Birmingham, AL, UK aut Motivation and Emotion Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 31/2(2007-06-01), 115-123 0146-7239 31:2<115 2007 31 11031 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-007-9062-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-007-9062-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Temple Richard Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Campbell Hall, 1530 3rd Avenue South, 35294-1170, Birmingham, AL, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cook III Edwin Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 415 Campbell Hall, 1530 3rd Avenue South, 35294-1170, Birmingham, AL, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Motivation and Emotion Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 31/2(2007-06-01), 115-123 0146-7239 31:2<115 2007 31 11031 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer