caa a22 4500 463251385 CHVBK 20180405153341.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20071001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10791-007-9030-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10791-007-9030-z Restricted inflectional form generation in management of morphological keyword variation [Elektronische Daten] [Kimmo Kettunen, Eija Airio, Kalervo Järvelin] Word form normalization through lemmatization or stemming is a standard procedure in information retrieval because morphological variation needs to be accounted for and several languages are morphologically non-trivial. Lemmatization is effective but often requires expensive resources. Stemming is also effective in most contexts, generally almost as good as lemmatization and typically much less expensive; besides it also has a query expansion effect. However, in both approaches the idea is to turn many inflectional word forms to a single lemma or stem both in the database index and in queries. This means extra effort in creating database indexes. In this paper we take an opposite approach: we leave the database index un-normalized and enrich the queries to cover for surface form variation of keywords. A potential penalty of the approach would be long queries and slow processing. However, we show that it only matters to cover a negligible number of possible surface forms even in morphologically complex languages to arrive at a performance that is almost as good as that delivered by stemming or lemmatization. Moreover, we show that, at least for typical test collections, it only matters to cover nouns and adjectives in queries. Furthermore, we show that our findings are particularly good for short queries that resemble normal searches of web users. Our approach is called FCG (for Frequent Case (form) Generation). It can be relatively easily implemented for Latin/Greek/Cyrillic alphabet languages by examining their (typically very skewed) nominal form statistics in a small text sample and by creating surface form generators for the 3-9 most frequent forms. We demonstrate the potential of our FCG approach for several languages of varying morphological complexity: Swedish, German, Russian, and Finnish in well-known test collections. Applications include in particular Web IR in languages poor in morphological resources. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007 Best-match IR nationallicence Inflected indexes nationallicence Frequent case form generation for keywords nationallicence Generative methods in management of keyword variation nationallicence Kettunen Kimmo Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut Airio Eija Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut Järvelin Kalervo Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut Information Retrieval Springer Netherlands 10/4-5(2007-10-01), 415-444 1386-4564 10:4-5<415 2007 10 10791 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-007-9030-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-007-9030-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kettunen Kimmo Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Airio Eija Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Järvelin Kalervo Department of Information Studies, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Information Retrieval Springer Netherlands 10/4-5(2007-10-01), 415-444 1386-4564 10:4-5<415 2007 10 10791 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer