caa a22 4500 463252993 CHVBK 20180405153346.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170326e20070601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2 The impact of surface science on the commercialization of chemical processes [Elektronische Daten] [Gabor Somorjai, Jeong Park] Surface science developed instruments for atomic- and molecular-scale studies of catalyst surfaces, their composition and structure, both in a vacuum and at high pressures, under reaction conditions (bridging the pressure gap). Surfaces ranging from single crystals, nanoparticles and thin films to porous high surface area catalytic materials have been studied. Classes of surface structure sensitive and insensitive reactions have been identified by surface science studies, including ammonia synthesis, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, combustion and hydrogenation. Rates of reactions often vary by orders of magnitude between using the right and the wrong surface structures. The roles of many promoters that modify the catalyst surface structures and bonding of adsorbates have been verified. Surface reaction intermediates could be identified and the mobility of adsorbates and the adsorbate induced reconstruction of the catalysts attest to the dynamic nature of the catalytic systems during the reaction turnover. The important active sites for catalysis include the low coordination surface step, kink, oxygen and chloride ion vacancies sites and sites at oxide-metal interfaces. Uncovering the molecular ingredients of heterogeneous catalysts will have a major impact on the understanding of reaction selectivity to help the evolution of green chemistry and selective reaction of many types. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007 surface science in catalysis nationallicence surface catalysis in chemical processes nationallicence Somorjai Gabor Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA aut Park Jeong Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA aut Catalysis Letters Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 115/3-4(2007-06-01), 87-98 1011-372X 115:3-4<87 2007 115 10562 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Somorjai Gabor Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Park Jeong Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Catalysis Letters Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 115/3-4(2007-06-01), 87-98 1011-372X 115:3-4<87 2007 115 10562 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer