caa a22 4500 465738265 CHVBK 20180323111801.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19900801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02244220 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02244220 Waddington John Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland aut Spontaneous orofacial movements induced in rodents by very long-term neuroleptic drug administration: phenomenology, pathophysiology and putative relationship to tardive dyskinesia [Elektronische Daten] [John Waddington] While understanding of the major clinical and ethical issue of tardive dyskinesia would be greatly facilitated by the development of an isomorphic or homologous animal model, particularly in rodents, this has proved to be a highly contentious issue. The literature on orofacial function in rats administered neuroleptic drugs for substantial proportions of their adult lifespan is reviewed. It reveals the emergence of late-onset orofacial movements in a number of studies, but very early-onset movements or no effect in others. Potential explantations for these discrepancies are considered, and ways of resolving such inconsistencies are suggested. The relationship of these various orofacial phenomena to dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic function, and to clinical syndromes, is critically evaluated. Springer-Verlag, 1990 Orofacial movements nationallicence Tardive dyskinesia nationallicence Dystonia nationallicence Neuroleptics nationallicence Long-term treatment nationallicence Dopamine nationallicence Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 101/4(1990-08-01), 431-447 0033-3158 101:4<431 1990 101 213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244220 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02244220 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Waddington John Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 101/4(1990-08-01), 431-447 0033-3158 101:4<431 1990 101 213 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer