caa a22 4500 465739857 CHVBK 20180323111806.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19900501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02368440 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02368440 Comparison of three methods of electrical stimulation for converting skeletal muscle to a fatigue resistant power source suitable for cardiac assistance [Elektronische Daten] [Stephen Badylak, Marvin Hinds, Leslie Geddes] Twelve dogs were sorted into 3 equal groups, and thein-situ right latissimus dorsi muscle of each dog was stimulated via its motor nerve for a period of 6 weeks. The resulting isotonic contractions were used to pump fluid in an implanted, 2-chambered, compressible pouch system. Three methods of electrical stimulation were used: (a) continuous 2 sec−1 single pulses that caused muscle twitching, (b) a 250 msec train of pulses (36 sec−1) that caused tetanic muscle contractions and was repeated every 2 sec for 15 min followed by a 15 min period of rest, and (c) alternating 15 min periods of the above 2 stimulation methods to cause alternating twitch and tetanic contractions. The 2 sec−1 twitch stimulation and the combined twitch/tetanic stimulation methods resulted in a 100% conversion to fatigue-resistant fibers within 6 weeks. Standardized muscle function tests were performed weekly. With the twitch stimulation (Method 1), the time to fatigue increased from 9 to 116 min (p<0.001), but fluid pumping ability of the muscle decreased substantially from 0.25 to 0.14 liters min−1 (p<0.05). With the intermittent tetanic stimulation (Method 2), the fatigue resistance increased only slightly from 7 to 11 minutes (p=NS), and pumping ability was unchanged. With the combined (twitch-tetanic) stimulation (Method 3), the time to fatigue increased from 9 to 107 min (p<0.001), and the pumping ability did not significantly change from 0.20 to 0.22 liters min−1 (p=NS). These results suggest that a combined electrical stimulation method which produces both twitches and tetanic contractions can achieve rapid fiber conversion and increased fatigue resistance without loss of muscle strength. Pergamon Press plc, 1990 Electrical stimulation nationallicence Skeletal muscle nationallicence Cardiac assistance nationallicence Muscle fatigue nationallicence Skeletal muscle ventricle nationallicence Badylak Stephen Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, Potter Engineering Bldg, 47907, W. Lafayette, IN aut Hinds Marvin Biology Department, Indiana Wesleyan University, 46953, Marion, IN aut Geddes Leslie Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, Potter Engineering Bldg, 47907, W. Lafayette, IN aut Annals of Biomedical Engineering Kluwer Academic Publishers 18/3(1990-05-01), 239-250 0090-6964 18:3<239 1990 18 10439 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368440 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368440 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Badylak Stephen Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, Potter Engineering Bldg, 47907, W. Lafayette, IN aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hinds Marvin Biology Department, Indiana Wesleyan University, 46953, Marion, IN aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Geddes Leslie Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, Potter Engineering Bldg, 47907, W. Lafayette, IN aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Annals of Biomedical Engineering Kluwer Academic Publishers 18/3(1990-05-01), 239-250 0090-6964 18:3<239 1990 18 10439 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer