caa a22 4500 465749739 CHVBK 20180323111830.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19901201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF01578340 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF01578340 Habal Mutaz 6358 Mac Laurin Drive, 33647, Tampa, FL, USA aut Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones [Elektronische Daten] [Mutaz Habal] The "forceful” and macho look of a prototypical man may not be unduly appealing to others whom he meets. This "forceful” look might not even appeal to the individual himself. In order to soften this appearance, a series of operative procedures has been devised for use on the craniofacial skeleton. These surgical steps can be done in a single operation or as a series of multiple operative procedures. Moreover, the needs of some patients may require that only special segments of these procedures be performed. This article presents these operative procedures and describes the feasibility with which they can be performed. Complications and unfavorable outcomes, when they occur, are usually related to unrealistic expectations on the part of the patient. The surgical steps routinely performed are those that contour the forehead, orbits, malar eminence, cheeks, chin, angle of the mandible, and larynx. Three categories of patients are described: the female with a male face; the male with a "forceful look”; and the patient requesting a gender identity change. The psychosocial, psychological, and behavioral problems leading to the decision for surgery will be the basis of final patient selection. Springer-Verlag, 1990 Physical anthropology nationallicence Male-Female differences nationallicence Psychosocial problems nationallicence Gender identity changes nationallicence Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Springer-Verlag 14/1(1990-12-01), 143-150 0364-216X 14:1<143 1990 14 266 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01578340 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01578340 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Habal Mutaz 6358 Mac Laurin Drive, 33647, Tampa, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Springer-Verlag 14/1(1990-12-01), 143-150 0364-216X 14:1<143 1990 14 266 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer