caa a22 4500 465756530 CHVBK 20180323111848.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19900501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00209549 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00209549 Bailey Kenneth Department of Sociology, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Why H does not measure information: the role of the "special case” legerdemain solution in the maintenance of anomalies in normal science [Elektronische Daten] [Kenneth Bailey] Anomalies or contradictions threaten a paradigm, and if they cannot be ignored, they must be either shown to be false, or must be resolved. Two common anomalies in the systems literature are examined: the contention that H measures information; and the contention that heat increase leads to entropy increase. It is shown that when faced with such anomalies, paradigm adherents often resort to legerdemain solutions, which appear to resolve the anomaly, either verbally or mathematically. Legerdemain solutions generally utilize special cases such as maximum or minimum values or equilibrium conditions, and will not hold for the general case. Thus they do not resolve the anomaly, but only appear to (hence the name "legerdemain”). It is shown further that legerdemain solutions are often responses to anomalies which are not major contradictions, but are rather the result of confusion in second-order or meta-paradigms. The satisfactory solution lies not in an appeal to a legerdemain solution, but in adherence to the consistent general principles of the primary paradigm, even if this necessitates some revision of terminology or principles in the secondary paradigm. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 ahomaly nationallicence legerdemain solution nationallicence information nationallicence entropy nationallicence special case nationallicence normal science nationallicence Quality and Quantity Kluwer Academic Publishers 24/2(1990-05-01), 159-171 0033-5177 24:2<159 1990 24 11135 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209549 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209549 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Bailey Kenneth Department of Sociology, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Quality and Quantity Kluwer Academic Publishers 24/2(1990-05-01), 159-171 0033-5177 24:2<159 1990 24 11135 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer