caa a22 4500 465776272 CHVBK 20180323111943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19901001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00055573 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00055573 Fisher Richard Utah State University, 84322-5215, Logan, UT, USA aut Agroforestry training: global trends and needs [Elektronische Daten] [Richard Fisher] A major worldwide trend toward the use of agroforestry and other sustainable agricultural systems has heightened the need for training. Such training is currently underway on every continent. This paper addresses the general principles and practices of training in agroforestry focusing on who needs training, what training is required, and designing training programs. The breadth and depth of training required by the various clientele groups — villagers, politicians, technicians, and professionals — are quite different. Politicians require broad but rather shallow training in agroforestry making them aware of the physical and biological constraints, as well as the social and economic aspects of agroforestry. Villagers require applied, hands-on training but teaching principles also enables them to develop and modify their own systems. Technicians and professionals both need more in-depth and thorough training consisting of both principles and practices. Spaid's approach to training involves the 4-D program: Define, Design, Develop and Deliver. Another model for training, the critical events model, emphasizes the need for feedback and evaluation in every stage of the training program. If a series of well-defined steps is followed, valuable, efficient, effective training programs that further the understanding and practice of agroforestry can be a reality. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 Agroforestry Systems Kluwer Academic Publishers 12/1(1990-10-01), 49-56 0167-4366 12:1<49 1990 12 10457 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055573 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055573 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Fisher Richard Utah State University, 84322-5215, Logan, UT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Agroforestry Systems Kluwer Academic Publishers 12/1(1990-10-01), 49-56 0167-4366 12:1<49 1990 12 10457 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer