caa a22 4500 465776310 CHVBK 20180323111943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19901001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00055571 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00055571 Zulberti Ester International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya aut Agroforestry education and training programs: an overview [Elektronische Daten] [Ester Zulberti] Agroforestry has been incorporated in education and training programs at an unprecedented level since 1982. A survey of educational institutions conducted by ICRAF in 1987 revealed that agroforestry is found as an option for specialization in undergraduate as well as in postgraduate M.Sc, diploma programs in forestry, agriculture, natural resources, and others. Courses and special seminars in agroforestry are organized in degree programs. Full undergraduate and postgraduate programs in agroforestry are being formulated and implementation started in quite a few universities, and many students are choosing agroforestry-oriented research projects for their dissertations. A good setting for higher degree training in agroforestry requires, however, staffing from combined faculties of at least agriculture, animal science and forestry; faculty commitment to a farming systems approach; and inter-departmental cooperation in teaching and research. It was difficult to asses whether these and other elements are present in existing programs where agroforestry has been incorporated. Emerging trends indicate that traditional forestry programs are broadening the scope of the discipline (from forests to integrated land-use systems) while agriculturists are recognizing that trees play important roles as soil improvers and protectors, fodder, food, fuel and other domestic and commercial purposes. New institutional structures are evolving to allow for educational programs with coursework and research projects spanning many disciplines. Nondegree training in agroforestry has seen an upsurge of activities equal, if not larger, to that in education. Attempts are being made by different institutions worldwide to inventory training opportunities; still the collection and dissemination of information is difficult. Efforts are needed at the international, regional, and national levels, to address training issues that if addressed collectively can improve the quality and effectiveness of human resource development efforts. ICRAF's approach to promote agroforestry research through education and training is an example of an action program currently under application. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 Agroforestry Systems Kluwer Academic Publishers 12/1(1990-10-01), 13-40 0167-4366 12:1<13 1990 12 10457 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055571 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055571 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Zulberti Ester International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Agroforestry Systems Kluwer Academic Publishers 12/1(1990-10-01), 13-40 0167-4366 12:1<13 1990 12 10457 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer