caa a22 4500 465784054 CHVBK 20180323112003.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170327e19900301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02441774 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02441774 Whole body heat balance during the human thoracic hyperthermia [Elektronische Daten] [Zheng Lou, Wen-Jei Yang] A whole-body heat balance model during hyperthermia is developed. In the model, local temperature is calculated using a finite-element model. The perfusion blood, along with its energy, is circulated to the rest of the body, where the heat dissipation is calculated using lumped segments. With this model the effects of the electromagnetic power dosage on the body core temperature and the responses of other body elements are analysed for the human thoracic hyperthermia. IFMBE, 1990 Computer simulation nationallicence Finite-element methods nationallicence Hyperthermia nationallicence Lumped model nationallicence Thoracic tumour nationallicence Whole-body heat balance nationallicence C p(i, j) : tissue specific heat in layerj of segmenti, J kg−1 °C−1 nationallicence C pb : blood specific heat, J kg−1 °C−1 nationallicence COLDS : integrated output from skin cold receptors, °C nationallicence DILAT : total efferent skin vasodilation command, m3 s−1 nationallicence ERROR : output from thermoreceptors, °C nationallicence F s(i) : view factor ofS(i), dimensionless nationallicence H c(i) : convection heat transfer coefficient for segmenti, W m−2 °C−1 nationallicence H r(i) : radiation heat transfer coefficient for segmenti, W m−2 °C−1 nationallicence i : segment number nationallicence j : layer number in a segment nationallicence k(i, j) : tissue thermal conductivity in layerj of segmenti, W m−1 °C−1 nationallicence $$\dot m_b $$ : blood mass perfusion rate per unit volume of tissue nationallicence $$\dot m_b = \rho _b \omega \rho _t $$ , kgm-3s-1 nationallicence $$\dot m_b {{C_{pb} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{C_{pb} } {\rho _t }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rho _t }}$$ : in W kg−1 °C−1 nationallicence N : total number of segments nationallicence P skin : saturation pressure of water at skin temperature, torr nationallicence P air : partial pressure of water vapour at air temperature, torr nationallicence Q cond : heat transfer due to conduction, W nationallicence Q conv : convective heat transfer at a skin surface, W nationallicence Q em, body : total body EM energy deposition, W nationallicence Q em : rate of electromagnetic energy deposition, W nationallicence Q em ‴ : EM energy deposition per unit volume of tissue, W m−3 nationallicence Q met, body : total body metabolic rate, W nationallicence Q met, b(i,j) : basal metabolic rate in layerj of segmenti, W nationallicence Q met ‴ : metabolic heat per unit volume of tissue, W m−3 nationallicence Q met : rate of metabolic heating, W nationallicence Q per f : heat transfer due to blood perfusion, W nationallicence Q rad : radiation heat transfer at a skin surface, W nationallicence Q res : respiration heat transfer, W nationallicence Q res, l : latent (insensible) respiration heat transfer, W nationallicence Q res, d : dry (sensible) respiration heat transfer, W nationallicence Q res ‴ : respiration heat transfer per unit volume of lung tissue, W m−3 nationallicence Q sweat(i) : heat transfer due to sweating from the skin of segmenti, W nationallicence Q sweat, b(i) : basal evaporation rate from the skin of segmenti, W nationallicence Q work : heating by muscle work, W nationallicence R : thermal resistance, °C W−1 nationallicence r : radius, m nationallicence r c : radius at mid-volume, m nationallicence S(i) : surface area of segmenti, m 2 nationallicence SKINC (i) : fraction of vasoconstriction command applicable to skin of segmenti, dimensionaless nationallicence SKINRS (i) : fraction of all skin receptors in segmenti, dimensionless nationallicence SKINS (i) : fraction of sweating command applicable to skin of segmenti, dimensionless nationallicence SKINV (i) : fraction of vasodilation command applicable to skin of segmenti, dimensionless nationallicence STRIC : total efferent skin vasoconstriction command, dimensionless nationallicence SWEAT : total efferent sweat command, W nationallicence T sur : surrounding temperature, °C nationallicence T a : arterial temperature, °C nationallicence T air : air temperature, °C nationallicence T(i, j) : tissue temperature in layerj of segmenti, °C nationallicence T pa : pulmonary arterial temeprature, °C nationallicence T pv : pulmonary venous temperature, °C nationallicence T sa : systemic arterial temperature, °C nationallicence T sv : systemic venous temperature, °C nationallicence $$\dot V\left( {i,j} \right)$$ : tissue volume in layerj of segmenti, m3 nationallicence $$\dot V$$ : cardiac output or total blood volume flow rate, m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V_{pa} $$ : pulmonary arterial blood volume flow rate, m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V_{pv} $$ : pulmonary venous blood volume flow rate, m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V_{sa} $$ : systemic arterial blood volume flow rate (cardiac output), m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V_{sv} $$ : systemic venous blood volume flow rate, m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V\left( i \right)$$ : blood flow rate to segmenti, m3 s−1 nationallicence $$\dot V\left( {i,j} \right)$$ : blood flow rate to layerj of segmenti, m3 s−1 nationallicence WARMS : integrated output from skin warm receptors, °C nationallicence w : skin wettedness, dimensionless nationallicence ρ ( i, j ) : tissue density in layerj of segmenti, kg m−3 nationallicence ρ b : blood density, kg m−3 nationallicence δ( i, j ) : tissue electrical conductivity in layerj of segmenti nationallicence ω( i, j ) : blood volume perfusion rate per unit mass of tissue in layerj of segmenti, m3 kg−1 s−1 nationallicence ωb( i, j ) : basal blood volume perfusion rate per unit mass of tissue in layerj of segmenti, m3 kg−1 s−1 nationallicence ϕ : relative humidity nationallicence Lou Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA aut Yang Wen-Jei Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA aut Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Kluwer Academic Publishers 28/2(1990-03-01), 171-181 0140-0118 28:2<171 1990 28 11517 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02441774 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02441774 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lou Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yang Wen-Jei Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Kluwer Academic Publishers 28/2(1990-03-01), 171-181 0140-0118 28:2<171 1990 28 11517 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer