caa a22 4500 46788191X CHVBK 20180406152723.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/PL00021734 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/PL00021734 Experimental Exposures of Boreal Toads ( Bufo boreas ) to a Pathogenic Chytrid Fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) [Elektronische Daten] [Cynthia Carey, Judsen Bruzgul, Lauren Livo, Margie Walling, Kristin Kuehl, Brenner Dixon, Allan Pessier, Ross Alford, Kevin Rogers] One of the major causes of worldwide amphibian declines is a skin infection caused by a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). This study documents the interactions between this pathogen and a susceptible amphibian host, the boreal toad (Bufo boreas). The amount of time following exposure until death is influenced by the dosage of infectious zoospores, duration of exposure, and body size of the toad. The significant relation between dosage and the number of days survived (dose-response curve) supports the hypothesis that the degree of infection must reach a particular threshold of about 107-108 zoosporangia before death results. Variation in air temperature between 12°C and 23°C had no significant effect on survival time. The infection can be transmitted from infected to healthy animals by contact with water containing zoospores; no physical contact between animals is required. These results are correlated with observations on the population biology of boreal toads in which mortalities associated with B. dendrobatidis have been identified. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis nationallicence amphibian pathogen nationallicence Bufo boreas nationallicence chytrid fungus nationallicence chytridiomycosis nationallicence Carey Cynthia Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut Bruzgul Judsen Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut Livo Lauren Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut Walling Margie Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Epidemiology, Colorado State University, 80521, Ft. Collins, CO, USA aut Kuehl Kristin Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut Dixon Brenner Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut Pessier Allan Department of Pathology, Zoological Society of San Diego, PO Box 120551, 92112-0551, San Diego, CA, USA aut Alford Ross School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, 4811, Townsville, Queensland, Australia aut Rogers Kevin Colorado Division of Wildlife, PO Box 775777, 80477, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA aut EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 3/1(2006-03-01), 5-21 1612-9202 3:1<5 2006 3 10393 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021734 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021734 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Carey Cynthia Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bruzgul Judsen Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Livo Lauren Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Walling Margie Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Epidemiology, Colorado State University, 80521, Ft. Collins, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuehl Kristin Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dixon Brenner Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 80309-0354, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pessier Allan Department of Pathology, Zoological Society of San Diego, PO Box 120551, 92112-0551, San Diego, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Alford Ross School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, 4811, Townsville, Queensland, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rogers Kevin Colorado Division of Wildlife, PO Box 775777, 80477, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- EcoHealth Springer-Verlag 3/1(2006-03-01), 5-21 1612-9202 3:1<5 2006 3 10393 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer