caa a22 4500 467885427 CHVBK 20180406152732.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-005-0103-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-005-0103-9 Schneider Daniel Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 111 Buell Hall, 611 Taft Drive, 61820, Champaign, Illinois, USA aut Process Control as Ecosystem Management: Using the History of Sewage Treatment Plants to Analyze Ecosystem Management Practices [Elektronische Daten] [Daniel Schneider] Industrial ecosystems are fruitful sites for examining ecosystem management. Sewage treatment plants, breweries, biotechnology reactors, and ethanol production plants are all ecosystems—complex biophysical systems in which communities of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other organisms are maintained to extract services or resources. The industrial analog to ecosystem management is "process control”, where the industrial operator is the ecosystem manager. Process control is the management of a production process through the careful measurement and adjustment of its physical and chemical conditions. By analyzing the history of process control in activated sludge sewage treatment plants, I show the importance of craft knowledge in ecosystem management. Sewage treatment plant workers, through their experience in operating the plants, developed means of evaluating process conditions based on sight and smell rather than laboratory analysis. These craft techniques developed and persisted in spite of concerted efforts on the part of sanitary scientists to institute "scientific” control of the process based on laboratory analysis and models of microbial kinetics, suggesting that craft knowledge of ecosystem function can contribute to successful management. The craft knowledge of sewage plant workers is a kind of adaptive management, in which workers constantly adjust ecosystem parameters and observe the results. This approach is contrasted to "command and control” approaches to treatment plant automation, which have met with uneven success. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 ecosystem management nationallicence industrial ecosystems nationallicence sewage treatment plants nationallicence local knowledge nationallicence microbial ecology nationallicence Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/7(2006-11-01), 1156-1169 1432-9840 9:7<1156 2006 9 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0103-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0103-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Schneider Daniel Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 111 Buell Hall, 611 Taft Drive, 61820, Champaign, Illinois, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/7(2006-11-01), 1156-1169 1432-9840 9:7<1156 2006 9 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer