caa a22 4500 467885850 CHVBK 20180406152734.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-005-0154-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-005-0154-y Implications of Livelihood Dependence on Non-Timber Products in Peruvian Amazonia [Elektronische Daten] [Aili Pyhälä, Katrina Brown, W. Neil Adger] The present and future well-being of the world's forest dwelling populations depends on their ability to gain livelihood resources from their immediate environment. Sustainable extraction of non-timber forest products has been promoted by conservationists and development agencies as a feasible strategy for forest dwellers that does not compromise the resource base. Yet surveys of actual resource use suggest that for poorer resource-dependent communities without access to markets, non-timber forest products can only ever represent a safety-net activity and a supplementary income source. Others argue that resource availability, in terms of the diversity and productivity of the forest, is the key parameter in realizing a contribution of forest products to well-being. This paper examines the scope and heterogeneity of forest product use to reveal whether resource availability necessarily provides the context for significant contributions to well-being of forest dwellers. We present data from an area of tropical rainforest, close to Iquitos in Peru, which was previously shown to have high potential value. We find, through a census survey of households within a forest reserve area, that non-timber forest products provide only a relatively small portion of income and that only a small proportion of available products are actually commercialized, despite apparent market availability. We show that the low rates of commercialization can be explained by unequal access capital assets used for extraction, to natural resources themselves, and to product markets. They are also explained by the concentration of capital-poor households on subsistence gathering activities. The value of destructive uses of forests, both logging and agriculture, remain higher than returns from non-timber products. This research demonstrates that although non-timber forest products are an important livelihood source, market integration and commercialization is not everywhere an appropriate or realistic strategy. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2007 Latin America nationallicence Peru nationallicence forests nationallicence protected areas nationallicence non-timber forest products nationallicence incomes nationallicence Pyhälä Aili Finnish Environment Institute, Research Programme for Environmental Policy, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland aut Brown Katrina School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut Neil Adger W. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/8(2006-12-01), 1328-1341 1432-9840 9:8<1328 2006 9 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0154-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0154-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pyhälä Aili Finnish Environment Institute, Research Programme for Environmental Policy, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brown Katrina School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neil Adger W. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/8(2006-12-01), 1328-1341 1432-9840 9:8<1328 2006 9 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer