caa a22 4500 467886091 CHVBK 20180406152735.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10021-005-0166-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10021-005-0166-7 Spring-water Nitrate Increased with Removal of Livestock Grazing in a California Oak Savanna [Elektronische Daten] [Randall Jackson, Barbara Allen-Diaz, Lawrence Oates, Kenneth Tate] We characterized spatial and temporal changes in nitrate concentrations of the leachate from annual grasslands and subsequently emergent spring-waters and tested the effect of livestock grazing removal on them. Nitrate patterns indicated that annual grassland soils are a likely N source to spring-fed wetlands, which appear to intercept and transform N along its hydrologic path from upland soils to spring-fed, headwater streams. Aboveground biomass and soil N extractions suggested that removal of livestock grazing from these wetlands impaired this function by allowing dead plant material to accumulate inhibiting plant production (hence, plant N demand), resulting in elevated stream-water nitrate (NO3−) concentrations. Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes indicated that grazing removal may increase the relative importance of this N-loss pathway. Microbial biomass varied with season but was not affected by grazing treatments suggesting that N2O losses were related to differences in NO3− availability rather than grazing effects on microbial community composition or their activity. Spring-fed wetlands provide important ecosystem services such as plant uptake and denitrification at transition zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These N-retention and transformation functions may be enhanced through biomass harvesting by livestock. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 water quality nationallicence wetlands nationallicence nitrogen loss nationallicence livestock grazing nationallicence mixed effects modeling, Mediterranean ecosystems nationallicence Jackson Randall Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, 53706-1597, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut Allen-Diaz Barbara Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 151 Hilgard Hall, 94720-3110, Berkeley, California, USA aut Oates Lawrence Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 151 Hilgard Hall, 94720-3110, Berkeley, California, USA aut Tate Kenneth Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, 95616, Davis, California, USA aut Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/2(2006-03-01), 254-267 1432-9840 9:2<254 2006 9 10021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0166-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0166-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jackson Randall Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, 53706-1597, Madison, Wisconsin, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Allen-Diaz Barbara Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 151 Hilgard Hall, 94720-3110, Berkeley, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oates Lawrence Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 151 Hilgard Hall, 94720-3110, Berkeley, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tate Kenneth Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, 95616, Davis, California, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ecosystems Springer-Verlag; www.springer-ny.com 9/2(2006-03-01), 254-267 1432-9840 9:2<254 2006 9 10021 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer