caa a22 4500 467889554 CHVBK 20180406152744.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00049-005-0331-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00049-005-0331-7 Monoterpene chemodiversity of ponderosa pine in relation to herbivory and bark beetle colonization [Elektronische Daten] [Vera Thoss, John Byers] Summary.: Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Pinaceae), forests in Arizona have suffered from a nine-year period of drought and bark beetle, Ips lecontei Swaine (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), outbreaks. Abiotic and biotic stress in ponderosa pine results in the induced synthesis of certain monoterpenes that may in turn affect bark beetle behavior and survival. In this study, we investigate whether induced monoterpene production could result in a different monoterpene composition that remains stored in the needles or the trunk resin of the tree. Needle and resin samples in addition to trunk cores were collected from ponderosa pines at three locations in Arizona. Ungulate browsing induced a significant increase in limonene (P=0.010) and in chemodiversity (P=0.009), a measure of the evenness of distribution among the monoterpenes present in needles. We compared the level of ‘stress' of the trees by measuring the thickness of annual rings in living trees and those that were killed by bark beetles. Where drought occurred, the spacing of annual rings from the last 10years of trees killed by bark beetles was significantly smaller (P=0.020) compared to living trees. There was no difference in the monoterpene composition between the core sections of closest spacing of annual rings (stressed years) compared to the sections of widest spacing, which indicates that monoterpenes are distributed evenly throughout the extended resin system. In the area where the degree of drought was less overall, none of the individual monoterpenes present in the resin was related to bark beetle killed trees. However, about half the living pines had resin in which one of the major monoterpenes (α-pinene, Δ3-carene, and limonene) was absent, and these trees had a lower monoterpene chemodiversity compared to trees killed by bark beetles. Trees with these three major monoterpenes, corresponding to the average relative proportion in living pines at that location, may sustain higher selection and colonization by bark beetles. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2006 Alpha-pinene nationallicence limonene nationallicence induction nationallicence Ips lecontei nationallicence bark beetles nationallicence ungulate browsing nationallicence Pinus ponderosa nationallicence Thoss Vera Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, AB11 7SE, Aberdeen, United Kingdom aut Byers John Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, 85040, Phoenix, Arizona, USA aut CHEMOECOLOGY Birkhäuser-Verlag; www.birkhauser.ch 16/1(2006-03-01), 51-58 0937-7409 16:1<51 2006 16 49 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-005-0331-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-005-0331-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thoss Vera Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, AB11 7SE, Aberdeen, United Kingdom aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Byers John Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, 85040, Phoenix, Arizona, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- CHEMOECOLOGY Birkhäuser-Verlag; www.birkhauser.ch 16/1(2006-03-01), 51-58 0937-7409 16:1<51 2006 16 49 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer