caa a22 4500 467890315 CHVBK 20180406152747.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00710-006-0125-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00710-006-0125-9 Gold scavenged by bismuth melts: An example from Alpine shear-remobilizates in the Highiş Massif, Romania [Elektronische Daten] [C. L. Ciobanu, N. J. Cook, F. Damian, G. Damian] Summary: Gold mineralization occurs in the Şoimuş Ilii vein, the main Cu prospect in the Highiş Massif, Western Apuseni Mts., Romania. The Highiş Massif is part of the Highiş Biharia Shear Zone, a 320-300 Ma Variscan greenschist belt, with a 114-100 Ma Alpine overprint. In Highiş, phyllonites enclose an igneous core consisting of an Early Permian basic complex intruded by Middle Permian granitoids. The vein is hosted within basalt hornfels at its contact with the 264 Ma Jernova granite. Gold is not only present as native gold, but also as jonassonite (ideally AuBi5S4). The latter occurs as inclusions 1-30 µm in size in chalcopyrite; microanalysis gives the empirical formulae Au1.02(Pb0.47Bi4.51)4.98S4. The two Au minerals are spatially associated with Bi-(Pb) sulfosalts (oversubstituted bismuthinite, cosalite) and sulfotellurides/selenides (ingodite, ikunolite and laitakarite) in blebs/patches, mainly hosted in chalcopyrite. This Au-Bi-Te association overprints an earlier, chalcopyrite-quartz assemblage, occurring as trails along discrete zones of brecciation that crosscut former mineral boundaries. Curvilinear and cuspate boundary textures within the blebs/patches suggest deposition in a molten form. Mineral associations in combination with phase relations indicate that the Au-Bi-Te association formed as a result of melting of pre-existing native Bi (and possibly sulfosalts) at 400 °C under sulfidation conditions. These melts incorporated Au, Pb, Te and S as they moved in the vein during shearing and were locked within dilational sites. Native Bi occurs as coarse aggregates along vein margins, but in the Au-Bi-Te association, it is present only as small droplets in shear gashes, never together with other Bi- and Au-minerals. The Bi-derived melts are part of an internal remobilizate which also includes chlorite and adularia. Minerals in the system Au-Bi-Te were deposited from a neutral low reducing fluid during Alpine shearing in the Early Cretaceous. The fluid also assisted solid-state mobilisation of chalcopyrite and cobaltite. This study illustrates the significant potential of Bi, a low melting-point chalcophile element (LMCE), to act as Au scavenger at temperatures as low as 400 °C. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Ciobanu C. L. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia aut Cook N. J. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut Damian F. North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania aut Damian G. North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania aut Mineralogy and Petrology Springer-Verlag 87/3-4(2006-07-01), 351-384 0930-0708 87:3-4<351 2006 87 710 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-006-0125-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-006-0125-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ciobanu C. L. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cook N. J. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Damian F. North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Damian G. North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Mineralogy and Petrology Springer-Verlag 87/3-4(2006-07-01), 351-384 0930-0708 87:3-4<351 2006 87 710 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer