caa a22 4500 467898413 CHVBK 20180406152810.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10708-007-9044-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10708-007-9044-5 Crossing the racial divide: a spatial-ecological perspective of offenders in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa [Elektronische Daten] [Gregory Breetzke, André Horn] Post-apartheid South Africa has been plagued by an increase in crime and a concomitant increase in the number of incarcerated offenders. Researchers have postulated many proximate causes for the insidious increase in crime, including the vast socio-economic inequalities existing in the country, a remnant of apartheid-era policies and post-apartheid migrations. This article focuses on the neglected field of the environmental criminology of offenders. Following a spatial-ecological approach the relationship between various socio-economic variables and offender rates in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa is modelled. The GIS-based methodological procedure includes a crime offender index, correlational analysis and principal components analysis and produced five factors: social status and income, family characteristics, unskilled earner, residential mobility and ageing population. These five factors, accounted for almost 75% of the variance in the offender index. The findings of our research reject race as a determinant of crime, and rather highlight existing and emerging socio-economic inequalities in the globally connected post-industrial city in regions of political instability and economic uncertainty and its relationship with crime and crime prevention. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2007 Crime nationallicence Offender rate nationallicence Racial inequalities nationallicence Social status nationallicence South Africa nationallicence Breetzke Gregory Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut Horn André Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut GeoJournal Kluwer Academic Publishers 67/3(2006-11-01), 181-194 0343-2521 67:3<181 2006 67 10708 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9044-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9044-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Breetzke Gregory Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horn André Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- GeoJournal Kluwer Academic Publishers 67/3(2006-11-01), 181-194 0343-2521 67:3<181 2006 67 10708 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer