caa a22 4500 46790054X CHVBK 20180406152816.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00299-006-0215-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00299-006-0215-5 Efficient induction of apospory and apogamy in vitro in silver fern ( Pityrogramma calomelanos L.) [Elektronische Daten] [Kottackal Martin, S. Sini, Chun-Lai Zhang, Adrian Slater, P. Madhusoodanan] Silver fern (Pityrogramma calomelanos L.) is a terrestrial or lithophytic herbaceous fern used for ornamental and medicinal purposes. In its farina it produces the cytotoxic and anticancer compound dihydrochalcone. In vitro induction of apospory and apogamy, and direct field establishment of aposporous gametophytes and subsequent sporophyte development has been accomplished. Half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3.33μMN6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.32μM kinetin (Kn) showed earlier development and produced higher numbers of aposporous gametophytes than half-strength MS basal medium. Crozier explants developed higher numbers (mean value 29.2) of gametophytes, but were slower than frond explants (mean value 23.2). The gametophytes originated from the epidermal hairs progressed from uniseriate filamentous to cordate through bi-, tri- and multiseriate and spatulate stage with the development of antheridia. Reduction in the nutrient and sucrose concentrations in the media favoured apogamy. Sucrose-free 1/10 strength MS medium and agar plates developed a mean of 30.4 and 29.9 sporophytes, respectively in the light. The greenhouse-established gametophytes developed sporophytes. The established sporophytes ex vitro showed 95% survival rate. Apogamous sporophytes and the source plant showed the same chromosome numbers (2n=116). The established protocol accomplishes apogamy and apospory in silver fern, and the aposporous gametophytes can be used for genetic transformation and development of transgenic silver fern. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Apogamy nationallicence Apospory nationallicence Plant growth regulators nationallicence Prothallus (gametophyte) nationallicence Silver fern ( Pityrogramma calomelanos ) nationallicence Martin Kottackal Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut Sini S. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut Zhang Chun-Lai Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH, Leicester, UK aut Slater Adrian Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH, Leicester, UK aut Madhusoodanan P. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut Plant Cell Reports Springer-Verlag 25/12(2006-12-01), 1300-1307 0721-7714 25:12<1300 2006 25 299 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0215-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0215-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martin Kottackal Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sini S. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Chun-Lai Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH, Leicester, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Slater Adrian Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH, Leicester, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Madhusoodanan P. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635, Kerala, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Cell Reports Springer-Verlag 25/12(2006-12-01), 1300-1307 0721-7714 25:12<1300 2006 25 299 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer