caa a22 4500 467902798 CHVBK 20180406152823.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10661-006-0763-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10661-006-0763-8 Irrigation Efficiency and Quality of Irrigation Return Flows in the Ebro River Basin: An Overview [Elektronische Daten] [J. Causapé, D. Quílez, R. Aragüés] The review analysis of twenty two irrigation efficiency (IE) studies carried out in the Ebro River Basin shows that IE is low (average IE)avg(= 53%) in surface-irrigated areas with high-permeable and shallow soils inadequate for this irrigation system, high (IE)avg(= 79%) in surface-irrigated areas with appropriate soils for this system, and very high (IE)avg(= 94%) in modern, automated and well managed sprinkler-irrigated areas. The unitary salt (total dissolved solids) and nitrate loads exported in the irrigation return flows (IRF) of seven districts vary, depending on soil salinity and on irrigation and N fertilization management, between 3-16 Mg salt/ha⋅ year and 23-195 kg NO)3 −-N/ha⋅ year, respectively. The lower nitrate loads exported from high IE districts show that a proper irrigation design and management is a key factor to reduce off-site nitrogen pollution. Although high IE's also reduce off-site salt pollution, the presence of salts in the soil or subsoil may induce relatively high salt loads (≥14 Mg/ha⋅ year) even in high IE districts. Two important constrains identified in our revision were the short duration of most surveys and the lack of standards for conducting irrigation efficiency and mass balance studies at the irrigation district level. These limitations {emphasize the need for the establishment of a permanent and standardized network of drainage monitoring stations for the appropriate off-site pollution diagnosis and control of irrigated agriculture. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc., 2006 concentration nationallicence irrigation water nationallicence load nationallicence nitrate nationallicence off-site pollution nationallicence salinity nationallicence Causapé J. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut Quílez D. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut Aragüés R. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Kluwer Academic Publishers 117/1-3(2006-06-01), 451-461 0167-6369 117:1-3<451 2006 117 10661 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-0763-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-0763-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Causapé J. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Quílez D. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aragüés R. Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), y Laboratorio de Agronomía y Medio Ambiente (DGA-CSIC), Apdo. 727, 50.080, Zaragoza, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Kluwer Academic Publishers 117/1-3(2006-06-01), 451-461 0167-6369 117:1-3<451 2006 117 10661 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer