caa a22 4500 467906947 CHVBK 20180406152837.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00251-006-0113-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00251-006-0113-6 Gene conversion in human rearranged immunoglobulin genes [Elektronische Daten] [John Darlow, David Stott] Over the past 20years, many DNA sequences have been published suggesting that all or part of the VH segment of a rearranged immunoglobulin gene may be replaced in vivo. Two different mechanisms appear to be operating. One of these is very similar to primary V(D)J recombination, involving the RAG proteins acting upon recombination signal sequences, and this has recently been proven to occur. Other sequences, many of which show partial VH replacements with no addition of untemplated nucleotides at the VH-VH joint, have been proposed to occur by an unusual RAG-mediated recombination with the formation of hybrid (coding-to-signal) joints. These appear to occur in cells already undergoing somatic hypermutation in which, some authors are convinced, RAG genes are silenced. We recently proposed that the latter type of VH replacement might occur by homologous recombination initiated by the activity of AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase), which is essential for somatic hypermutation and gene conversion. The latter has been observed in other species, but not in human Ig genes, so far. In this paper, we present a new analysis of sequences published as examples of the second type of rearrangement. This not only shows that AID recognition motifs occur in recombination regions but also that some sequences show replacement of central sections by a sequence from another gene, similar to gene conversion in the immunoglobulin genes of other species. These observations support the proposal that this type of rearrangement is likely to be AID-mediated rather than RAG-mediated and is consistent with gene conversion. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Gene conversion nationallicence Genes nationallicence Immunoglobulin nationallicence Humans nationallicence Antibody diversity nationallicence Darlow John Department of Immunology, Level 4, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK aut Stott David Department of Immunology, Level 4, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK aut Immunogenetics Springer-Verlag 58/7(2006-07-01), 511-522 0093-7711 58:7<511 2006 58 251 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-006-0113-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-006-0113-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Darlow John Department of Immunology, Level 4, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stott David Department of Immunology, Level 4, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Immunogenetics Springer-Verlag 58/7(2006-07-01), 511-522 0093-7711 58:7<511 2006 58 251 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer