caa a22 4500 467907196 CHVBK 20180406152837.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00251-006-0162-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00251-006-0162-x Individual odortypes: interaction of MHC and background genes [Elektronische Daten] [Alan Willse, Jae Kwak, Kunio Yamazaki, George Preti, Jon Wahl, Gary Beauchamp] Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence the urinary odors of mice. Behavioral studies have shown (1) that mice differing only at MHC have distinct urinary odors, suggesting an MHC odor phenotype or odortype; (2) that the MHC odortype can be recognized across different background strains; and (3) that the MHC odortype is not an additive trait. Very little is known about the odorants underlying this behavioral phenotype. We compared urinary volatile profiles of two MHC haplotypes (H2b and H2k) and their heterozygous cross (H2b×H2k) for two different background strains (C57BL/6J and BALB/c) using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) headspace analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both MHC and background genes substantially influence the volatile profile. Of 148 compounds screened, 108 of them significantly differ between the six genotypes. Surprisingly, for numerous compounds, their MHC associations are moderated by background genes (i.e., there is a significant MHC × background interaction effect in the statistical model relating genotype to relative compound concentration). These interactions account for nearly 30% of the total genetic effect on the volatile profile. MHC heterozygosity further extends the odortype diversity. For many compounds, the volatile expression for the heterozygote is more extreme than the expression for either homozygote, suggesting a heterozygous-specific odortype. The remarkable breadth of effects of MHC variation on concentrations of metabolites and the interaction between MHC and other genetic variation implies the existence of as yet unknown processes by which variation in MHC genes gives rise to variation in volatile molecules in body fluids. Springer-Verlag, 2006 MHC nationallicence Odors nationallicence Gas chromatography nationallicence Mass spectrometry nationallicence Heterozygosity nationallicence Willse Alan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, 99354, Richland, WA, USA aut Kwak Jae Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Yamazaki Kunio Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Preti George Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Wahl Jon Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, 99354, Richland, WA, USA aut Beauchamp Gary Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut Immunogenetics Springer-Verlag 58/12(2006-12-01), 967-982 0093-7711 58:12<967 2006 58 251 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-006-0162-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-006-0162-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Willse Alan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, 99354, Richland, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kwak Jae Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yamazaki Kunio Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Preti George Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wahl Jon Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, 99354, Richland, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beauchamp Gary Monell Chemical Senses Center, 19104-3308, Philadelphia, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Immunogenetics Springer-Verlag 58/12(2006-12-01), 967-982 0093-7711 58:12<967 2006 58 251 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer