caa a22 4500 467910006 CHVBK 20180406152846.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10645-006-9019-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10645-006-9019-9 The Millennium Development Goals, How Realistic Are They? [Elektronische Daten] [Michiel Keyzer, Lia Van Wesenbeeck] Summary: In its Millennium Declaration of September 2000, the United Nations adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), to be reached in 2015 through concerted efforts worldwide. According to UN-calculations, the estimated costs in terms of additional development aid of meeting the MDGs in all countries vary from 121billion US dollars in 2006 to 189billion US dollars in 2015. The present communication reviews the figures reported. It appears that while Asia is well on track to achieve the goals, essentially through efforts of its own, Africa is lagging behind, albeit that according to detailed survey data on weight-for-length among adults collected in Africa for the US aid agency, rates of undernutrition are about 58 percent of the levels used as a reference by the UN, which are based on assessment of food production. Yet, child undernutrition comes out higher in these surveys. Besides mentioning reservations about the adequacy of these MDG-yardsticks, we consider the cost estimates for Africa as presented in the UN-reports and subsequently assessed in the literature. It appears that these estimates are too low, even if all MDG-funds were concentrated on this continent, essentially because they are set up as shopping lists that are necessarily incomplete and, among others, disregard many of the indirect cost of delivering the goods to the target beneficiaries, including the cost of providing adequate security and avoiding corruption. Nonetheless, recalling how hopeless the situation looked some 30years ago for China, India, and Bangladesh, where unprecedented numbers have now escaped extreme poverty during the past decade and a half, we submit that over a time horizon of about twice the 15years of the MDG's and with adequate international support, realization of the MDG-targets should be possible for Africa too. Springer, 2006 MDG nationallicence development nationallicence aid nationallicence Keyzer Michiel SOW-VU, Centre for World Food Studies, Vrije Universiteit, De Boetelaan 1105, 1081, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands aut Van Wesenbeeck Lia SOW-VU, Centre for World Food Studies, Vrije Universiteit, De Boetelaan 1105, 1081, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands aut De Economist Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 154/3(2006-09-01), 443-466 0013-063X 154:3<443 2006 154 10645 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-006-9019-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-006-9019-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Keyzer Michiel SOW-VU, Centre for World Food Studies, Vrije Universiteit, De Boetelaan 1105, 1081, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Wesenbeeck Lia SOW-VU, Centre for World Food Studies, Vrije Universiteit, De Boetelaan 1105, 1081, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- De Economist Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers; http://www.springer-ny.com 154/3(2006-09-01), 443-466 0013-063X 154:3<443 2006 154 10645 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 462679713 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer